| China is one of the few birthplaces of textile production in the world, which is also the first country to make use of the silk and therefore it is called "the Silk Country". So there are many kinds of antique silks, such as damask, satin, brocade etc, and each kind has its own characteristic. As valuable cultural heritages, these antique textiles adequately approve the advancement of Chinese civilization. Actually, the silk productions in many countries of the world have been developed on the basis of my country's silk production. However, we Chinese lacked the consciousness of protecting the cultural heritage, so before the foundation of the People Republic of China, there was aparlance in west countries: the Silk Road is in China, but the study on the Silk Road is in the West. It was a fact. Whereas, with the development of the conservation of cultural relic in recent years, more attention is paid to the protection of ancient textiles.The conservation of antique textile is an all-round subject which is a combination of science, technology and practice, involved in chemistry, physics, archaeology, textile science and biology etc. It is also a complicated process, including cleaning, restoration, replication, disinfection and storage. And each process is necessary as well as very important. This paper mainly makes a study of the cleaning process and the environment of storage.Being the key of the conservation, the cleaning process is the first and the most important stage of the conservation of antique textile, which has a direct effect on the storage and the display, especially for the silk wovens. Generally speaking, the textiles excavated from the tombs are stored and displayed only after the cleaning process.As for the cleaning process, through consulting and summarizing a lot of literatures, I think it may include two stages: surface cleaning and washing. The former is a physical process. According to the variety and the condition of cultural relic and surface characteristic, the conservators choose the appropriate tool used for surface cleaning. If not, it maybe has a negative effect. The latter is a chemical process which can further get rid of the pollution stuck to textiles,. In cleaning process, distilled water is the most suitable substance which not only has very little damage to the silk textile but also has a good effect. However, in most cases the washing agent is needed. With regard to the washing agent, we should select the neutral or alkalescent agent. In addition, a cleaning procedure is done on a self-figured silk dating from Yuan Dynasty(A.D1296-1368). To minish the unnecessary damage, the agent confected by ourselves is used in the cleaning process. As antique silk is very precious, cleaning is made on the modern silk fabrics to get the appropriate parameters which almost have no damage to silks. According to the experiment, we get a conclusion as follows: pH and concentration have the obvious effect on the fabric damage, and the time and the temperature have little effect on it.Because of the particularity of the cultural relics, they can not be moved continually. Therefore, to improve the washing effect, ultrasonic wave wash is used in the washing procedure. As a result, ultrasonic wave can get rid of the solid dirt which is firmly stuck to the surface of the textile, and the effect is satisfying. But to the pollution which have become embedded in the fabrics, the effect is not satisfying. In a word, ultrasonic wave can be used in the washing procedure of the antique silks, but the fact must be considered.For the conservation of antique silks, storage is also important. According to a great deal of literatures and characteristic of the silk, Isummed up some outside factors which affect storage and provided some preventive measures.To keep the appreciation value and science value of cultural relics and come down from generation to generation, the conservation of ancient textile, including the antique silk fabric, is no time to delay.Kongxu... |
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