| Ecological environment is the materialization on which the existence and development of human civilization must depend, and also is very important for our human society in the pre-Qin period. The studies on ecological environment in the pre-Qin period, including the changes of natural environment, the influences between acient people and environment, the management measures of ecological environment and ecological thinking of our acient people, may make us well know the civilize characteristics in the pre-Qin period, even in the whole acient society from a special angle. and also can make us draw lessons for our environmental managements in our modern society.This thesis is divided into six chapters to discuss the conditions of ecological environment in the pre-Qin period.In the first chapter the comprehensive analyses about the whole changes of ecological environment in the pre-Qin period are discussed firstly. The junior development of human civilization in the pre-Qin period was not enough to deal a large scale crushing damage to ecological environment, so the ecological environment in the pre-Qin period still remained fine conditions on the whole. But what we can not deny is that the ecological environment had been destroyed on certain degree in the same time, and mainly focused on the warring states period. Such as the decrease of percentage of forest cover, the south-moving of wild animals, blinding and muddy-turning of streams and so on. Although the effects of natural factors on ecological environment, just as the change of climate, cann't be removed, with the reinforcement of abilities by which we can change the natural world, the effects of human factors on ecological environment turn more and more obviously. The second chapter discusses effects of some kinds of acient people's activities on ecological environment in the pre-Qin period. These activities consist of three aspects: production, daily life and ruling class. The productive activities include agriculture, animal husbandry and manufacture. In the same time, manufactural production also can be divided into three sections, namely metal-processing industry, bone-working industry and leather-working industry. Activities of daily life comprise dress-making, body-warming and construction of buildings,etc. Among these activities of production and daily life, the forms of land's development and cultivation on agricultural production, some uses of animal husbandry(such as offering sacrifices to gods or ancestors, production, transportation and war) and its productive scale which is turning more and more expansivly, as well as the consumption of natural resource in manufacture, all do harm to ecological environment unavoidable, so do the daily life activities. The effects of ruling class's activities which consist of war, hunting and offering sacrifices to gods or ancestors can also make the ecological environment dangerous.The third chapter is about the influences of ecological environment on human society in the pre-Qin period. Such as the selection of inhabitancy, emergency and development of social customs and habits. The frequent moving of Shang and Zhou dynasty's ruler had close ties with the ecological environment. Relations between ecological environment and human society even had effects on the dominant policy of successive dynasties in several millennium.The forth chapter is about the measures of maintenance and management established by acient people in the pre-Qin period in order to do good to ecological environment's maintenance, including setting up ecological official position, establishing rules and regulations which were related to ecological protection, as well as moral constraint. The functions of ecological official position, such as "yu","heng","chang ren","you ren"and so forth, were related to the management of natural environment (mountain, forest, streams and marshes) and some special ecological areas. Some rules and regulations related to ecological management consist of "si shi zhi jin"(t... |
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