| Globalization has made national culture face chances and challenges. According to postcolonical critics, European hegemonical culture ever distorted and misread the Orient, Third World, black people and women from national, sexual and class perspective. Moreover, people feel cultural identity losing in the context of globalization. For these reasons, the Orient and Third World reject globalization, thinking that it is Europeanization, especially is Americanization and the loss of national culture. But it is not beneficial for development of national culture to refuse to exchange with the west.Cultural identity consists of identity and construction. The Identity is the position of judgement of value while construction is the complexity and development of cultural identity. Syncronically, the cultural identity consists countries, nations, races, classes, sex and other different levels and it means the identity of nations, races or countries in cultural exchange; diacronically, cultural identity is flowing, and sometimes it presents hybridity. However, whether nations or individuals, their cultural identity is stable during a period time because people's psychological structure, values, habits and customs are ensured by memory. However, when political and economic environment change, or when one national culture contacts and collides with other national culture for a long time, its cultural identity changes. Although it is difficult to define what time the change happens since the change is the result of join forces for a long time, the change brings about hybridity. The construction of identity is closely related to the other, the other is non-me. It is the consult object of the self. The other and the self are not antitheses, In fact, the identity and construction influence each other, the other change with the construction of the self. The complication of cultural identity requires us to object to the construction of homogeneity. Whether Orient, women, the black people or Third World, they have their own particularity. We can't write off the differences with generality. Identity and construction influence each other, constructing while identifying and identifying while constructing. People's traditional psychology tend to refuse the construction and change of identity and reject west culture by extreme ways, thinking that variation is the decay of national culture. The way they seek for a stationary and eternal nationalism is the extra-nativism.Globalization is not Europeanization or Americanization. It is a tendency or process, not a uniform trend. It is the exchange and dialogue between different nations. It emphasizes that we should share cultural resources without rejecting individuality or pluralism . It is inevitable that characteristics of national culture will change or lose when it exchange or dialogue with different culture. Therefore, we must regard the change and development of cultural identity in the cultural exchange from a constructional point of view. At the same time, we should think about the interaction and influence of cultural identity between an author and a reader. On the one hand, the difference and the same of cultural identity between the author and the reader forms the necessity and the rationality of the cultural exchange, because the reader wants to know "the other" and to broaden his field of vision in the text. On the other hand,the difference of cultural identity hinders the of cultural exchange, the author supposes "the implied reader" before writing and considers the structure of knowledge and aesthetical need of "the implied reader". Furthermore, there are some "gaps" that require the real reader to fill. The readers of different cultural identity should fill different content and influence the aesthetic effect of the text. Besides, the cultural identity of the author influences the reader's identity, the cultural identity of the reader makes him defy the other national culture. Therefore, to exchange culture, especially... |
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