Wellington Koo's Viewpoints And His Practice Of Revising The Unequal Treaties Of Modern China

After the Opium War, China was forced to sign "Nanking Treaty" with Britain. From them on, China entered an era of the unequal treaties, anti-unequal treaties revolution also began. After the Republic of China was founded, to get the national privileges and sovereignty, lots of professional diplomatists came into being. Welling koo (1888-1985), was born in Jiangshu province (now Jiadin district of Shanghai). He enter the Foreign Ministry in 1912 and joined revising the unequal treaties , and put it as his whole life's enterprise. His diplomatic actions are very important in modern China's diplomatic history. Peking Government period is the beginning and the glory of his diplomatic career. Now, historians studied Wellington koo's personal experiences, diplomatic ideas and practice. But from the relationship between Wellington koo andthe unequal treaties of modern China during the Peking Government, the study is also weaker. This article will discuss Wellington Koo's viewpoints and his practice of revising the unequal treaties of modern China during the Peking Government period, with the deeper study in this area.Part 1: Thoughts base. There are many factors: the influence of Chinese traditional culture, the promotion of strong national idea , western educational background, the influence of VIP, the influence of diplomatic professional- orientation.Part 2: Viewpoints of revising the unequal treaties. These parts indicate that his viewpoints include: reason of the unequal treaties, the viewpoints about national sovereignty, the relationships between the unequal treaties and the international law, the destruction in China of the unequal treaties.Part 3: Practice, main tactics and characteristics of revising the unequal treaties.Part 4: Chief appraisal. These parts indicate his historical achievement, limits and historical enlightenment.