Regions And Phases Of Tombs Of Sui And Tang Dynasty In North China

This thesis takes tombs of Sui and Tang Dynasty in north China as studying objects. Through researches on the structure of tombs, burial accessories and historical materials, this thesis studies North China from the perspective of regions and phases, and summarizes the characteristics of tombs of Sui and Tang Dynasty in North China as well as its relations with the central China. This thesis consists of six parts. The first part of this thesis is introduction. North China refers to Liaoning,Hebei, Beijing, Tianjing, and west-north Shandong. 273 tombs of Sui and Tang Dynasty have been discovered in North China. Some researchers have studiedthem fragmentarily. This region is located in the frontiers of Tang Dynasty, withmany minorities and unique culture; therefore it is necessary to further study it.The second part is the study of tombs of Sui and Tang Dynasty in Chaoyang Region by phases and ranks. Tombs in Chaoyang Region are mainly brick tombs with limited earthen seaft tombs, stone pit and tile-coffin tombs. Structures of tombs include squares, rectangles, curved squares, curved rectangles, circles, coffin-shaped appearances, ladder-shaped appearances, boat-shaped appearances and irregular appearances. Circular tombs are most, and coffin-shaped tombs are next. Most burial accessories are pottery and porcelain jars, pottery pots, and pottery and porcelain bowls. Metal containers and belts are also popular. Earthen and pottery figurines include tomb guardian figurines, entourage figurines, servant figurines and cooker and animal models. Through the change of structure of tombs and burial accessories, the tombs of this region can be divided into four phases. In these four phases, squares and curved squares decrease while circular brick-chambered tombs increase into the mainstream, and coffin-shaped brick tombs increase gradually too. Jars develop from short and fat structure to tall and thin structure; the neck of pot shortens and bowls develop into low and shallow belly; metal three-leg wares and three-color wares appear and then increase. Vanity of figurines becomes more, and facial expressions turn ferocious or fat. And last figurines are not popular any more. Among the tombs of Changyang Region, ranks of circular, squaredand curved squared tombs are high, and even multi-chambered tombs appear. There are rich burial accessories in officials' tombs including porcelains,three-color wares, metal containers and figurines. Ranks of rectangle, coffin-shaped and boat-shaped tombs are relatively inferior with burial accessories of pottery wares and bronze decorations. Since this region is located in the frontiers, the phenomena of exceeding ranks in structures of tombs and burial accessories appears constantly, no matter in tombs of high officials or average people.The third part is the study of tombs of Sui and Tang Dynasty in North Hebei Region by phases and ranks. Tombs in North Hebei Region are also mainly brick tombs with limited stone structure tombs, earthen seaft tombs and cave-chambered tombs. Structures of tombs include squares, rectangles, curved squares, circles, coffin-shaped appearances, horse-hoofs-shaped appearances, boat-shaped appearances and six-angle-shaped appearances. Circular tombs are most, and curved squared tombs are next. Most burial accessories are pottery and porcelain jars, and pottery and porcelain bowls. Metal wares always refer to mental decorations, such as belts. Pottery figurines also include tomb guardian figurines, entourage figurines, servant figurines and cooker and animal models. Through the change of structure of tombs and burial accessories, the tombs of this region can be divided into three phases. With the development of time, squared and curved squared brick tombs decrease while circular brick-chambered tombs increase; coffin-shaped, boat-shaped, six-angle-shaped brick tombs appear gradually; burial painting and wood-imitated structure appear and increase. Jars develop from short and fat struc...