| The liability cabinet system is a political system which is practiced by Hesperian bourgeoisies. In the early of the Republic of China, the revolutionary faction of bourgeoisies laid siege to develop the liability cabinet system and tried to establish the democratic and republic government. In this article, the background, evolution and influence of the liability cabinet system are dissertated according to time.In the first part, the background of the liability cabinet system in the early of the Republic of China is discussed. After success of the Revolution of 1911, there were three influences in the political field. They were the democratic revolutionary faction of bourgeoisies, the lord (comprador class) and the constitutionality faction. They all continually struggled for dominion of China. The casual government was established by the democratic revolutionary faction of bourgeoisies, which its head of government was Sun yat-sen. But under pressure of imperialism, Yuan Shikai and the constitutionality faction, the organise of democratic revolutionary faction was rapidly lax and the compromise became a kind of tide. The democratic revolutionary faction attempted to compel the emperor of Qing DYNASTY to abdicate by using Yuan Shikai and wanted to establish the Republic of China. After relinquishing their power for Yuan Shikai, the democratic revolutionary faction made " the interim constitution" and tabled a bill about the liability cabinet system for the sake of avoiding autarchy. So the first liability cabinet was set up that the prime minister was Tang Shaoyi.In the second part, the growing, operating and ending of the first liability cabinet are described. The cabinet of Tang Shaoyi( the first liability cabinet) was set up in formally and this cabinet was base on United League. But by controlling the Northern Warlords and candidates the cabinet, making obstacles and cabals for Tang Shaoyi, Yuan Shikai restricted and weakened the power of this cabinet. And the contradictions between Tang Shaoyi and Yuan Shikai became worse and worse. The result was that Tang Shaoyi was compelled to leave because of "the six state banks loan" and "the Wang Zhixiang affairs". And this indicated the defeat of the first liability cabinet. The persons of United League attributed defeat to multilateral cabinetmaking and then supported the party cabinet.In the third part, the aloof cabinet storm and the course of Song Jiaoren rebuilding the liability cabinet are described. The so-called aloof cabinet was a cipher in algorism. This cabinet was made by Lu Zhengxiang who was a nonpartisan person apparently, but it was controlled by Yuan Shikai virtually. This cabinet was rejected by United League. In the end United League defeated by Yuan Shikai.Inside United League, Song Jiaoren thought the absolutely liability cabinet would be a correct approach to achieving democracy and republic. The method was that the selected majortity of congerss made the cabinet. At that time, the interim constitution would be bring into play and the democratic government would be walk on the right path. So Song Jiaoren began a series of practices. Song Jiaoren amended the creed of United League and constituted Kuomintang by allying some parties. He publicized his political opinion everywhere, planed and prepared selection. Because he got ahead, Kuomintang would be make the new cabinet naturalness. In order to stopping Kuomintang, Yuan Shikai assassinated Song Jiaoren. The second revolution breaken out and the cabinetmaking by Kuomintang defeated. The reasons on defeat of liability cabinet are complicated. On the one hand, the liability cabinet is an attempt of the democratic revolutionary faction of bourgeoisies. So it certainly defeat along with the defeat of democracy revolution. On the other hand, this liability cabinet have some faultiness itself. The defeat explains that it is a difficult and endless history process to realize the liability cabinet system. For all that, the liability cabinet also rose positive effects tha...
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