Research On Relationships Between Macao And Netherlands In Late Ming Dynasty: 1601-1644

Dutch firstly came to China in 1601 and they established the VOC ( Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie) in the following year. Aiming at developing the business in China and interrupting Spanish and Portuguese commercial systems in Asia, Dutch defined the strategies of occupying Macao. When Dutch arrived at the coast of China, Macao had been invaded by Portuguese near half century, which developed to be a prosperous international comrrercial harbor. From 1601 to the end of Ming Dynasty in 1644, Dutch attempted to invade Macao for many times and there were continuous wars between Dutch and the Portuguese in Macao. However, Dutch failed to accomplish their ambition at last.It was a significant historical issue in Maceo that the Dutch continuously invaded Macao in late Ming Dynasty. This essay offers an macroscopic arrangement of the whole process that the Dutch invaded Macao in late Ming Dynasty period. The information in this paper is based on the Chinese and the historical materials in Dutch, Portuguese and English. It recounts the process of the each war explicitly and discusses the reason of Dutch failure. Moreover, the essay will research its effect on Macao.