The Study Of The Subject Of "Bei" Sentence

This paper is guided with the Three-Level-Theory of Grammar, and on the basis of the study of past research results, the author uses the related language materials in Beijing University modern Chinese language materials database and extracts 1,000 "Bei" sentences from the related language materials as the inspection objects. The author analysis these objects in the syntactic lever, the semantic level and the pragmatic level. These inspections includ the VP structure inspection analysis of "Bei" sentence, the semantic case inspection analysis of "Bei" sentence and the relation inspection between different semantic case and verb valences of "Bei" sentence. The author makes great effort to describe the syntactic level, the semantic level and the pragmatic level characteristic of "Bei" sentence, break through predecessor's research results and prompts the new point. Firstly, this paper determined the grammatical form and the semantic characteristic of "Bei" sentence. The author express the grammatical form of "Bei" sentence as "(N1) + Bei + (N2) + VP + (N3)", N1, N2, N3 add bracket is because they possibly do not appear in the sentence, but the situation that N1, N2, N3 all does not appear is impossible. About the semantic characteristic of "Bei" sentence, the author approves Xue Fengsheng 's point, the semantic characteristic of "Bei" sentence is defined as "as a result of the impact of N2, N1 turned to the condition which C (C namely "VP + (N3)) described", but not the N1 be handled by the N2. "Bei" sentence is not expressed as "handled" and " passive". Secondly, this paper profits from the research results of the "case grammar", describe the 14 semantic cases in "Bei" sentence. These semantic cases are: agent, concerned, consul, department, object, guest, matter, result, scope, tool, material, reason, goal and quarter. On this foundation, the author carry on the attempt classification of "Bei" sentence, according to the different semantic cases the author divides them into 13 categories (combined reason and goal as one case). Then from the syntax level analyzed the VP structure and the verb valence of each category of "Bei" sentence and indicates the relations between N1 and N3 in "Bei" sentence. Besides, the author convert every example sentence to "Ba" sentence and normal sentence. Through a series of inspections and analysis, the author discovered that, in the syntactic level, "Bei" sentence has a dissymmetry with "Ba" sentence and normal sentence. Not all "Bei" sentences has a corresponding form of "Ba" sentence and normal sentence. In the semantic level, the paper utilize case theory analyze the semantic case of "Bei" sentence, pointed out that the object could be located the subject position by agent case, quarter case, tool case and so on. There are 13 kinds of semantic case can be subject of "Bei" sentence. This is the breakthrough of past article studies. In the pragmatic level, the author think when a sentence is unable to use the normal sentence and "Ba" sentence, or context linguistic environment request use "Bei" sentence, or the person intends to emphasize what he wants to, "Bei" sentence is necessary, the pragmatic reasons of "Bei" sentence decides that not all the subjects are object case, and "Bei" sentence is not the symbol of "passive" and "handled".