Simple Researching On The Monosyllabic Predicate Verb In ZuoZhuan With Valence Theory

Verb is a important sort of resistive component. In the history of Chinese grammar, the issue of verb is always the one of important thesis in the grammar field. Before the last center 70's,the studying verb mainly involve the feature of verb grammar and the discrimination between verb and the other parts of speech .To 1979,studying verb transfers to the internal systematization aspect. The secondary parts of verb are divided in different aspect and with different way. Recently, scholars show application on to research verb of ancient Chinese Language. However, it is not much to systematically study on verb of each book. Therefore, I intent to center my attention on the monosyllabic predicate verb in ZuoZhuan. According to semantics, syntagma and grammar function, the monosyllabic predicate verb in ZuoZhuan can be divided into eight categories. Analyzing these eight categories that will be hopeful to review and find verb using condition and verb internal regulation in the period of Pre-Qin.The analysis in monosyllabic verb of being apposition is based on valence theory. Valence theory is a direct and effective method to reflect projected relationship between sentence structures and semantic, also it is a effective researching way in linguistic structure pattern. Today valence theory on the modern Chinese has begun to take shape, but it is used seldom in the ancient Chinese. At present, more and more attention has been paid to valence theory, and we try to use valence grammar in order to research deep relation between semantic part and sentence structure in "ShangGu "Chinese.This dissertation consist of two parts:The first part: Introduce valence theory. The note is involved in three problems: the significance of using valence grammar in studying Chinese; the current situation in studying parts of speech; correlated illustration in the course of using valence grammar.The second part: Analyses specific verb with valence theory. According to semantics, syntagma and grammar function, the monosyllabic predicate verb is divided into: action verbs, state verbs, relate verbs, directional verbs, verbs of existence, verbs of perception, verbs of comparison and modal verbs. We choose and specifically analyze some high-frequency paticular verbs with valence theory, at the same time, we review the relationship between semantic component of each verb and sentence structure, so that summarize the regular existing in this kind of relation.Passing the inquisitions and analyzes of the two parts, full text contents and author's views can be generalized for bellow four aspects:a. There are about eleven basic argument selections in ZuoZhuan's monosyllabic predicate verbs. For example, agent, patient, experiencer, Theme, dative, and so on.b. In ZuoZhuan, the monosyllabic predicate state verb and directional verbs are one argument verb, the verbs of comparison is two argument, In the same verb part, each verb is affected by semantic character and meaning of word, its valence is not similar c. The verb that has factitive semantic character owns more links than other verbs in the same part. In other words, they have more capacity to control more semantic component. It denotes that the semantic character of verb determines the dominace capacity.d. The sentence regards the verb as the core that its surface layer structure has relation to semantic character of verb. For example, in the sentence that regards "Gao (告 )"as the core , its dative introduced by the preposition Yu(于/於 ")can appear and cannot be presented. But when the patient object is previous to the dative and doing the nearing object of the verb, or content of telling has proposed in the foregoing paragraphs, the dative must be introduced by Yu("于/於 ").