Inheritance And Development; Analysis Of The Way To Study Habermas Civil Society

Habermas constructed the ideal civil society which was based on the understanding of the historical sociology of civil society, "nationalized society and socialized nation", namely the crisis of the late capitalism. The construction of the ideal civil society is derived from the explanation of "public sphere or private sphere and communication power" done by Hannah·Arendt and the understanding of the public opinion mechanism done by Kant. Its keystones are from the binary division of civil society and the nation and "the discourse ethic" and "the communication reason" formed in the cultural sphere of society. Habermas formed the construction of the ideal civil society by adopting the theory of the genetic structure from Piaget as its premise and using the theory of the system from Parson as the structure of the theory, and absorbing the theory of rationalization of cultural value from Max Weber, the theory of rationalization of normal structure of society from Darkheim and the theory of rationalization of society from Mead through critical method, and reforming lifeworld from Hussel which covers the content of the ideal civil society. The ideal civil society has two models: political nation (public power sphere) ---civil society (economic sphere + public sphere, a part of the private sphere) and system (political system + economic system)---lifeworld (civil society). Habermas formed " binaries and three levels" social models, based on the recognition of the historical sociology of the civil society and absorbed the diversity of the other schools, and its construction of the ideal civil society --- "the lifeworld" containing three aspects in reflection of the cultural structure, general ethics and legislative structure and the identity. Because of the conflict of the economic benefit and the imbalance of the lifeworld and system, the compulsory power subordinate to the market and the lifeworld, and they lead to the colonization of the lifeworld. Therefore, Habermas has made an attempt to balance the relationship through relying on democratic and republic system. Although Habermas provided good prescription for "sick" society of capitalism, which deifies the function of language and magnifies the ethic norm effects and idealizes the lifeworld to the capitalism, it plays an enlightenment on the construction of the civil society.