On The Study Of Han Fei's Thought Of Administrating Bureaucracy

Han Fei is a famous philosopher, thinker and theorist of politics, also the model of Pre-Qin Legalist School. His thought established the important theory foundation for the union of the whole China, especially his thought of administrating bureaucracy, which focused on law, jointed strategy and power together, beat the bureaucracy arrogating powers to oneself, maintained the kings' autarchy, helped to strengthen the power of the kingdoms. His thought acclimated the trend of the history development, finally became the valid tool for the later emperor's administration, which dominated Chinese politics of two thousand years, effected the ideology of autarchy politics. Han Fei's thought of administrating bureaucracy is great not only in endowing the monarch with the exclusive position and power but also in keenly observing the potential danger and accordingly limit to the emperor's power. So his thought of administrating bureaucracy embodied the characters of" the doctrine of the mean".This thesis falls into three parts. Chapter one analyzes the foundation of Han Fei's thought of administrating bureaucracy. His thoughts formed on the basis of the history view ,the argument on human nature ,absorbing and altering Lao Zi's thought of Dao. In the latter warring period, imperial clan aristocrat act without authorize, kingdoms were in the danger, facing such social facts, through analyzing the character and orderliness of social development, Han Fei thought that there couldn't exist consanguinity kinsfolk relationship in stead of inter-exchange advantage and disadvantage relationship, managing with benefit based on consanguinity kinsfolk hadn't the restriction on the bureaucracy, which became the biggest barrier to monarchism. So kings should use law as the means to manage bureaucracy according to human's characters. He absorbed and adjusted Lao Zi's thought of Dao ,endowed Sovran with authority .On the one hand he provided monarchism with theory gist, On the other hand he tried to restrict Sovran with Dao.Chapter two analyzes the content of Han Fei's thought of administrating bureaucracy. Han Fei analyzed the manifestation and means of the vital person's manipulating politics in detail, pointed that deprival of seigneur's power was the main reason. According to the facts, on the one hand, seigneur should beat them heavily bylaw. On the other hand, also requested that the monarch enhance himself to cure the self-conscious, stop the whole paths of the disloyal minister infringement. In the process of managing bureaucracy, emphasizing the monarch position was the premier. Also emphasize that the monarch managing by law was the important path to guarantee the group of ministers obey the law and his only position.Chapter three discusses " the doctrine of the mean" tendency of Han Fei's thought. I pointed out Han Fei's thought embody " the doctrine of the mean" tendency not only in respecting the kings and restricting the monarch but also in intention and course. Han Fei's thought of administrating bureaucracy mainly pointed the mean-wise monarch. His laws departed from the ordinary "mean" no matter in the lawmaking principle or in carrying out the law, which had the characters of not extreme and one-sided, the doctrine of the mean". In the process of managing the ministers, regarding law as principle, with moral assisted measures also showed Han Fei's the" doctrine of the mean" tendency.Exactly the tendency of this kind of the doctrine of the mean" made Han Fei's political thought had the strong life force. Under the guidance principles of changing with accordingly social changing, regardless of what kind of society changes, it can make the homologous adjustment with the development of the social ages, finally attain the mean tendency with the changing age and acquire the most suitable and proper manifestation.