The Historical Perspective On The Turkey's Islamic Resurrection Movement

Turkey is the earliest secular republic in the Islamic world, whichhas come into existence for more than 80 years since the Sudanmonarch system was rescinded in 1922. Meeting with relatively weakreligious influence in the process of building up the secular republic, thesecular political power grew very quickly, making enormousachievement in the the aspects of politics, economy, society. GraduallyTurkey became the only animating nation in the Islamic world. KEMAL'sroad of secularization is not smooth. The reform had to be implementedthrough mandatory political measures because of religious oppositionand boycott. Many profound problems, especially the reform ofIslamism, were neglected, which opened road for post-KEMAL religiousresurrection in the Turkish society. Besides, the change of domesticpolitics, economy and international environment fueled the Islamicresurrection, which was brought to climax with Islamic Justice andProsperity party 's coming into power.The first part is devoted to the description and analysis of Islamictradition in Ottoman reign and the early reforming movement. SudanMohammad â…¡and warm-up secularizing reform (1808-1839 );Tanqimatt and the first climax of secularization (1839-1876); Theconstitution ages and deepening of secularization (1876-1922). It isyouth Turkey ages, in particular, the new prompting characteristics of1913-1918 secularization that pushed further development ofsecularization again. These reforms mainly achieved success ineducation and law, but did not touch the empirical Sudan system andcaliph system. The secularizing reform KEMAL carried on solved thesecularization of Turkey, achieving great success in politics, economy,culture, social life, but problems also existed. Many profound problems,especially the reform of Islamism, were neglected, which opened roadfor post-KEMAL religious resurrection in the Turkish society. The second part describes three stages and main powers of theIslamic resurrection. The 15 years from 1945, the end of World War II to1960 when the democracy party went out of power, constitutes the firststage: Embryotic stage; The second republic period, namely 1960s and1970s, is the second stage: gradually maturing stage; The resurrectionentered the third stage after the coup in September 1980: climatic stage.The organized powers of Islamic resurrection mainly fall into threegroups: the first one represents the half legally religious group ofvarious kinds, another is the legal political party appearing since 1970's,and still another is the underground secret organizations of the Islamicextremists. The third part, from various angles, analyzes the reasons of Islamicresurrection in Turkey. The shortcomings and problems KEMAL reformleft behind is the historical reason of the Islamic resurrection; multi-partydemocratic system resulted in the social atmosphere being relax andtense in Turkish society, which explains the domestic political reason ofthe Islamic resurrection. Being tense means mounting competitionamong the parties, while being relax refers to continuously developingenvironment for Islamism existence, thus clearing the barrier of thereligious resurrection. Turkey was transforming from traditional...