Reading The Survival Contradiction Of Contemporary Human Being Through Alienation

It is indicated in this dissertation that various crises which the contemporary mankind faces and all sorts of contradictions in the modern society are caused by people's alienation. So the serious research on the concept and theories of alienation is very necessary. It is only by methods of further investigation in the theories of alienation that we are able to discover the origins of human survival contradiction and to find some feasible approaches to solve these problems. First of all, I mainly probe into the main representation of the modern human survival contradiction. Developed in working practice and the social relationships, the rational thinking makes the mankind get rid of the state acting blindly and move forward from blindness to civilization gradually. While the positive effect of reasonable thinking has been widely known, we should also calmly realize that there is a contradictory duality in any things. So rational thinking is in no exception and has its negative effect too. The better science and technology develop, the stronger the mankind gets rid of and fetters and transforms natural ability. But while we are intoxicated in the convenience and wealth that science and technology brought to us, their negative effects come quietly too. Firstly, though the development in science and technology has strengthened the mankind and helped our abilities to transform the nature, it also strengthens the mankind to rob of the natural. Secondly, in the development of science and technology, the phenomenon of the commercialization of science and technology has emerged. It not only produces the deviation from mankind's original purpose but also increases the instrumentalism and enslavement of mankind itself. With the human development and progress of the society, the social relationships originally established for mankind's own development becomes the main factor which influences people's behavior. And the human's occupying will expands day by day too, which expands the degree of "alienation". Research on the development and forming of the theories of alienation has offered the solid foundation for analyzing the problems. Hegel analyzed the problem of alienation in spiritual field from the point of dialectic philosophy. He figured that the nature is just the result of spiritual alienation of the subject, and the religion is an essential way to sublimate the alienation. His view is full of color of mystery and idealism. Feuerbach proceed to investigate the alienation phenomenon from the view of humanism, and he thinks that religion is the nightmare of the human spirit and is the people's essential alienation. Here he regards humanitarianism as the weapon to criticize the alienation phenomenon. Marx develops their alienation view, and thoroughly investigated the alienation phenomenon in practical and historical aspects. Marx studied thoroughly the alienated survival state of the workers under the private ownership conditions. He has not only analyzed all kinds of representations of alienation but also discussed the approaches to eliminate the alienated realistic society and politics. Contemporary western Marxism regards alienation theory as the weapon to criticizethe society, politics extensively. And their analysis and criticism touched a great deal of problems existing in the modern capitalism, and is of great cognitive value. But contemporary western Marxism regards alienation as the ontology phenomenon altogether with the mankind. They feel ignorant about the prospect of eliminating alienation, and mainly analyze the alienation of people's spirit and soul. After scanning the development of the gradual progress of the alienation concept and alienation theories, we can see clearly that one clue (can be called the motive force in essence, too) is run through among them all the time, which is the most basic human survival contradictions in social development. Because the contradictions constantly develop and alter in the long river of human historical development, and demonstrate different characters, the intension of the alienation concept is in constant change, and the developing direction of the alienation theories is changing constantly too. The only one that does not change is that the most basic existence contradictions are reflected in the alienation theories. So we can understand modern human survival contradictions through alienation theories. Finally, in my view, the elimination of alienation is a long-term course, and is a key task in our socialist social development. It is certain that the socialist society has a lot of characteristics, but I think the most basic one is to make various alienation states break away from ourselves and reach the free existent realm finally. According to Marx's thought, after people having reason and freedom, after carrying on the concrete, real and practical transformations, namely after revolutionary...