| The predecessor have gained many achievements on comparative study of minority languages,especially on cognate study of Sino-Tibetan.However,the most researches were confined to comparing the languages of one branch(For example:the languages of Tibeto-Burman branch and Miao-Yao branch),hardly involving comparative study of the languages of more branches such as Miao(Belonging to Miao-Yao branch) ,Tujia language(Belonging to Tibeto-Burman branch)and Chinese.So this paper will do it. Firstly,this paper selects the special dialect place of XiangXi autonomous prefecture of Tujia and Miao,where Han,Miao and Tujia nationalities live in a compact community.The three lauguages have influenced and borrowed each other in the long period of time,therefore the situation of the three languages in XiangXi autonomous prefecture is very complicated.This paper mainly selects seven dialect place of Miao and Tujia languages in Longshan,Guzhang,Fenghuang and Huayuan countries,combining Southwest Chinese in this place with the middle-age even ancient Chinese to compare historically.Secondly,seeing that appellations are core vocabulary and have the condition of cognate comparison,this paper compares 59 appellation words of these three languages on their sound and semantic meanings systematically. The thesis is composed of five parts: Chapter1 is preface.It mainly states some informations,for instance,why to select the question for study,what achievements have been reached at present,how to choose the materials for study,what kind of theories and methods to use.Chapter2 is the comparative study on kindred appellations of Chinese and XiangXi Miao and Tujia languages.This chapter lists 39 kindred appellations of the three languages altogather,which appellations of five generations are from ancestors to grangchildren.Then it compares these 39 kindred appellation words of the three languages on their sounds and semantic meanings historically according to the middle-age and ancient Chinese appellations and Southwest Chinese sounds at the place in question.This chapter analyses these kindred appellation words vertically and horizontally with the historical comparative methods of "looking back"and "looking forword",involving more than ten middle-age and ancient appellations of ErYa(《尔雅》),ShuoWen(《说文》)and GuangYa(《广雅》)etc.Chapter2 contains four parts.Part one mainly introduces the survey of kindred appellations.Part two and Part three are male and female kindred appellations separately.Then these two parts state on the basis of five ancestors,parents,oneselves,sons and daughters,grandchildren which belong to the two sexes.Part four is a brief sum-up.Chaper2 is the most important of whole thesis,which not only refers to generous literature materials but also many real phonetic materials of five dialect places in Guzhang and Fenghuang countries.Furthermore,Chapter2 concerns some customs and historical situation.So it shows the elementary kindred appellations'general picture and their complicated process of influencing each other,dividing and merging in every historical period of Tujia,Miao and Han ethnic groups in XiangXi autonomous prefecture.Chaper3 is the comparative study on personal appellations of Chinese and XiangXi Miao and Tujia languages.This Chapter contains five parts.Part one—Part four compare seven pronouns'sound on the first,the second,the third and the interrogative personal pronoun systematically,then excavates their phonetic bottom.So we can draw a conclusion that development of sounds relate to both the phonetic principle and the influencing of languages each other.Chapter4 is the comparative study on general appellations of Chinese and XiangXi Miao and Tujia languages.This chapter lists 13 general appellations in everyday life of the three languages,which divides it into three part of personal,professional and ethnic appellations for historical comparison.By comparing these appellations, we realize that different principle of creating the words leads to no correspondence of the sounds and semantic meaning of words one by one in different languages.Chapter5 is the conclusion,dealing with the shortcoming and the direction for studying of the thesis. There are three theoretical and practical breakthroughs in this thesis: 1. By comparing these appellations of the three languages historically,we can obtain the fact that cognate,borrowing and incorresponding conditions are among the kindred languages. 2.We can look at the trace through a bamboo tube roughly,which the three ethnic languages have contacted and influenced each other then to evolve in the long period of time. 3.This paper can give some enlightenment to the instruction of bilingualism in XiangXi autonomous prefecture.
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