On Northern Wei Dynasty Middle Term Reform

The Northern Wei dynasty was a royal court built by minority nationality in Chinese history, whose middle term reforms have important meaning in the Chinese history. However, there are two problems in its research .One is that it ignored Tuo Ba-jun's important pole during the transform from military force social into civil social, the other is that it had a prejudice againt Queen mother Feng and Emperor Xiao wen. Some hold the total repudiation attitude and others hold the total affirmation. This text tries to rectify to this kind of circumstance and absorb experience and lesson form it.There are three parts in this text. The first part try to illuminate the statement with historical materials that reform directed by Emperor Wencheng was not only necessary but also a result ,which complied with history and promoted social development. Emperor Wencheng realized the transform from military force into civil, which supply favorable conditions for his successors' reform. However, Emperor Wencheng died at the age of 26, so his reform is not systematic or complete. The remainder was finished by his wife and his grandson.The second part illuminate the statement that Queen mother Feng and Emperor Xiaowen maintained the same attitude towards reform. This papers illustrate the fact that the great achievement during the middle term reform was the result of combining Emperor Xiaowen's theory and Queen mother Feng's practice perfectly.The third part try to show the facts that after Queen mother Feng' death ,Emperor Xiaowen hold wholesale hanization and pursued the principle which was just for Confucian. Thus a very big part of reform became formalistic and his later reformation could not promote the social development by the root and sped up the corruption of Northern Wei Dynasty.