On Development Of Chinese Literary Concept In The 20～(th) Century

Poem is used to express poet's "Zhi", and Literature is used to convey "Tao". These two are main ideas in ancient literature, which focus on the function of Literature, and paid no attention on language,form and structure etc.. The people didn't explore the essence of Literature through seeking the key elements, on the basis of which they could set up a system of Literature Theory .The modem Literature Concept began with saving our country from being annexed. literature Concept was developed in the course of improving the society:Liang Qichao launched Literature Movement with characteristic of revolutionizing "Three Literary Types", and wanted to improve the society by reforming Literature; Wang Guowei pursed "pure literature", and developed the modern literature concept by mixing Western Literature Theory and Chinese traditional thinking mode; Hu Shi improved Chinese culture with completely westernized theory, and established the theory system of evolved literature, which was the symbol of the first theory system; Lu Xun proposed "revolutionary literature", changing the content of Literature by analyzing defects of Chinese culture and people; Zhou Zuoren proposed the idea ,"Literature is for human being ",through the angle of self-awareness and individuality liberation, which emphasized not only the nature of Literature itself, but also its function of intervening the life ;Mao Zedong initiated "socialism literature concept" by publishing《Forum On Literature And Art In Yan' an》.There are two thinking modes in western Literature Theory. One focuses on "Literature" and the other on "Theory". The latter plays the leading role. In order to set up some theory system, people have to study Literature. People usually study Literature through these four dimensions: theory of imitation,function,manifestation and impersonality. Many new kinds of Literature Concept appear.The western theories on Literature and Ideology cause great impact on Chinese literary circle. The teaching books on Literature Theory and literature Concept become more and more multiple. Since 1990s, there are 6 main literature concepts: Qian Zhongwen and Tong Qingbing consider Literature as aesthetic ideology. Liu Anhai and Sun Wenxian consider Literature as language art. Dong Xuewen considers Literature as art production. Wang Yuanxiang's considers Literature as aesthetic reflection. Wu Zhongjie considers Literature as the combination of manifestation and reappearance. Wang Yichuan considers Literature as perceptual rhetoric. Tao Dongfeng links Literature with culture.During its developing process, Chinese Literature Concept collides and fuses with Western Literature Concept three times. The result of the f'trst fusion is the theory of Literature Element and Type, the second is the combination of the literary function and Marxism Literature Theory, and the third is the formation of modern literature concept which is set up by studying the literature itself.