Order And Progress

Between at the end of 1860's and the first half period of 1870's, Britain was changing from the social stage of the profit and efficiency as only aim to the stage of looking for the social harmony and justice. At the same time, the old system of British liberalism was replaced by the new system. The Gladstone as leader 's Liberal party government carried the changing liberalism idea ,which was showed through all-around government reform, including education ,military and the system of the land etc.. The reform achievement also occupies the prominent position in the whole British history and gives the profound impress to historian. Foreign scholar starts valuing the research the period of liberal ascendancy including Gladstone government after the middle 1990's.But the center of study still stay in fall period in domestic. Thus, my article tries to explain the develop path of British Liberalism and its influence degree, mode and variation to political life through researching the reform in Gladstone's government period.My basic standpoint: The reasons of Gladstone government reform have two main angles. The first is the transformation of liberalism as social dominant idea from emphasizing "social order" to pursuing "social justice". The second is to adapt to "democracy request" after the second parliament reform of 1867.The key of the reforms success or failure lies in the accepting degree of the society to new thought, and political technique of balance too.The total paper consists of four parts:In the first part, I analyzed the liberalism thought condition of British of 17th, 18th century and the middle of 19th century, and the social composition of the liberal party in the middle of 19 centuries. I think that 17th, 18th centuries of liberalism thinker limited the function of the government within category of support "social order". But in middle of 19th century, some person's thought had happened some change. Both importantly social thinker, such as Bentham and John Statue Mill and important politician, such as Cobden and Gladstone was fond of the new "social progress" concept, though the great part of their thought was staying in the category of "social order". Guided in this new thought principle, the liberal party acquired the advantage position of the civil party. At the same time, the ascendancy of liberal party is due to winning the nonconformist and...