The Research On The Russian Liberalism From 19th Century To 20th Century

Liberalism was a major school of thought in the modern European society, while the Russian liberalism emerged and developed under the impact of the Western liberalism's wave, which differed from the European characteristic. Russian liberalism developed many types and factions during its development. In early 18th century, the Europeanization reform of Peter the Great objectively provided the nice soil for the introduction and development of Western liberalism. During Catherine II and Alexander I period, the government liberalism firstly emerged in Russia. Between 1830s and 1840s, Slav school and Western school sprang up a great discussion which activated the Russian intellectual; before the Great reform in 1861, the liberalism faction was formally shaped. After the 1905 Revolution, the foundation of the Constitutional Democratic Party made the liberalism emerge as a party. On January, 1918, the constitutional conference was dissolved, which marked the decline of the Russian liberalism. After the foundation of Soviet Union, liberalism came into a short low-tide period due to the strict control over the ideology and culture. Whereas, following the gradually relieving of the personality cult in Soviet Union, especially after the 20th Representative Assembly of Soviet Union, the dissident movement began in Soviet Union, which was a representation of the liberalism revival and became a factor of the final collapse of the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, liberalism came into a short revival period, but it couldn't undertake the great responsibility of the state transformation and declined ultimately.