Comparison Studies On Hakka In Phonology Between Panlong And Meixian

Panlong town, which is located in Yongchang county of Chongqing city has the greatest population of Hakkas in Yongchang county. Among the 78000 people of Panlong town, there are 30000 Hakkas. The native of Panlong town call the dilect they speak local Cantonese that itself is Hakka. There are 21 consonants, 61 Yunmu, and six tones.The consonants of Panlong Hakka, compared with those of Hakka of Meixian, has characteristics as follows:1) The voiced sound becomes surd sound be Ping(平) tone or Ze (仄) tone and some Ze (仄) tone become voiceless. 2) There are 21 consonants in Panlong Hakka and compared with Meixian Hakka [t(?) t(?)' (?)] exist but no [z] and [ v] consonants. 3) Nimu(泥母) and Laimu (来母) in Panlong Hakka begin to confused but not in Meixian Hakka. 4) The velar in Panlong Hakka are [k k' x], but [k k' ] and [ h] in Meixian Hakka.The Hakka's consonants of Panlong town, compared with those of the Hakka of Meixian, has characteristics as follows:1) The four classes of syllables appear in the Panlong Hakka and there is no Cuokouhu(撮口呼) in Meixian Hakka. 2) Nasal consonant tail vowe in panlong Hakka are [n], [(?)] and [n], [(?)], [m] in Meixian Hakka. 3) There are entering tone in both but only one [(?)] in Panlong Hakka, Meixian Hakka has the whole [p t k]. 4)Panlong Hakka has long vowel, but Meixian Hakka doesnot have. 5) Panlong Hakka has nasal vowel but Meixian Hakka does not have .The Hakka tones of Panlong, compared with those of Hakka of Meixian, has characteristics as follows:1) The two both have six tones but the tone pitches are different.