Research On "Qingshang Three-Mode"

Ancient"Qingshang"three-mode is one of the most important issues of the study of temperament. Though it is always one focus of music study and well-studied by many experts and scholars, and the studies of"Qingshang"three-mode have made fruitful progress, there are still many doubts which have not been fully solved.The present paper, through multiple verifying process by the material from historical documents, songs of ancient Chinese stringed instrument and the tuning methods of ancient Chinese stringed instrument, discovers that"Qingshang"three-mode refers to three modes, and finds the"Gong"positions of the three modes in the strings of ancient Chinese stringed instrument and its corresponding positions in temperament.On Ping- mode: the writer, according to the"Pingzhi"mode of Shang Liu Tian Song of The Collected Works of Art and Literature, collaborates that the Ping mode which has one tone as Zhu in Chen Zhongru's commentary on music should be"to have Zhi as Zhu"The Ping mode of"to have Zhi as Zhu"should have"Zhi-string"as its"Gong"position, so it can be called Zhi mode. The pitch of Ping mode is the"Linzhong", the five degree above the"Huangzhong", so Ping mode is called"Linzhong"mode. While"Qingshang"three-mode is applied to flute instrument, The Ping mode of"to have Zhi as Zhu"is equated to the"Xiazhi"mode of the flute three mode, The Ping mode of"to have Zhi as Zhu"is called"Qingzhi"mode in the period of Qing, Han and Wei dynasties.On Qing-mode:"Qing mode have Shang as Zhu", that is, Qing mode has"Shang-string"as"Gong"position, so the scholars of ancient Chinese stringed instrument called Qing mode as"Shang mode". But in the tuning method of Qing mode, there is a saying that the player"loose Shang string is equated to"Gong"pitch", so Qing mode is also called"Loose Shang mode", that is, Loose Shang string corresponds with"Gong"position of"Huangzhong"mode. While"Qingshang"three-mode is applied to...