The Spirits Of Shou Ci In Nan Song Dynasty

The thesis first give "epoche" to the judgement given in some theses of Shou Ci that Shou Ci impede the expression of author' s thoughts, then find the spirits in Shou Ci. They include the desire to resist the aggressors and the anxiety about motherland. These spirits are caused by the combination of the form of literature and the spirits of authors.The form of Shou Ci has its peculiarity. Longevity, wealth and peace are similar in the wishes of ancient people. Shou Ci also includes these wishs. From Bei Song dynasty, the wish of longevity has been linked up with the wish of peace. In Nan Song dynasty, it become the desire to resist the aggressors. This desire is not the contradiction to the wish of longevity.The infiltrating of author' s spirit is very obvious, even in the practical forms of literature. But the infiltration is restricted by the forms of literature. The author would rather show his patriotic spirit than show other feelings in Shou Ci. It is the reason why the patriotic spirit is more obvious in Shou Ci than in other forms of Ci.The authors in Song dynasty realize that Shou Ci could not meet the whole needs of expression, so they try to solve the problem, first by composing a Ci in reply to his friend with the same rhyme sequence, then by inventing Zi Shou Ci.The invention of Zi Shou Ci show the great increative spirit of authors in Song dynasty.Zi Shou Ci provide a new space to express oneself. During writing Zi Shou Ci, the authors can talk and contemplate with themselves. In Nan Song dynasty, the authors are very pessimistic and are fond of the spirits of Taoism and Buddhism. Zi Shou Ci help them express themselves. By writing Zi Shou Ci, the authors deviate from the classical Shou Ci in the aspects of content and connotation. The intention to congratulating has disappeared in Zi Shou Ci by then. The intention to express oneself has been the whole purpose of writing.Zi Shou Ci show the interior of spirits while Ta Shou Ci show the exterior of them. They complement with eath other, which give the full play to the expressing of authors' spirits in Song dynasty.The judgement that Shou Ci impede the expression of author' s thoughts is proved wrong by Shou Ci written in Nan Song dynasty.