To Study Two Tibetan Bilingual Dictionaries By The Theory And Method Of Linguistics

A detailed study and analysis of the compilation, paraphrase, translation of The General Tibetan-Chinese Dictionary and The Antitheses Chinese Tibetan Dictionary in the standpoint of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, using the scientific methods and theory of modern linguistics and it's embranchments, lexicology, semantics, lexicography etc. Based on the study of form mentioned two dictionaries, we proposed our view of the compiling methods of all kinds of dictionaries needed urgently by Tibetan people.First, we affirmed the social function and historical status of the two dictionaries. By studying the social and historical background of the two dictionaries, analyzed the shortages and their causes respectively.The problem of The General Tibetan-Chinese Dictionary can be summed up as seven points: selecting of the words, paraphrase, exemplification and translation etc. There are many reasons for it, but what above all is, we have not understand the importance of the modern linguistics, such as lexicology, semantics etc, not even the Tibetan language itself. The suggestions are: first we should learn the advanced editing methods and experiences from other nationalities. Second we should study each subjects of Tibetan language broadly and widely, especially the traditional linguistics, summarize the experiences, inherit the good tradition so as to standardize the editing of Tibetan dictionaries.The problem of The Antitheses Tibetan-Chinese Dictionary can be summed up as ten aspects: incorrect comprehension of source language(source language), unrefined Tibetan translation etc. The reasons are: 1. at the beginning of the editing in 1960s, because of emergence of a lot of political, social and scientific glossary, as well as the shortage of editing experience, it is hard to solve the problem well such as criterions of translation, which are unavoidable. 2. The Cultural Revolution and the ultra-left line had a bad effect on the Tibetan language, which greatly undermined the qualities of the Tibetan translation. There are four suggestions for the problems. 1. The language and culture of source and translation languages should be studied carefully and understood well. 2. We should create new words by respecting the characteristics and laws of culture and language of Tibetan. 3. We should deal carefully with the words which have many paraphrases. 4. The studying and editing of Tibetan dictionaries should be strengthened.All in all, first, the translation should not be effected by the dialect of editors, should not be based on subjective conjectures. Second, to a bilingual dictionary, the corresponding words should be given other than replaced by explaining sentences. Third, in a bilingual dictionary, we should not only give the corresponding words, but should also give the illustrating sentences under different lingual environments.