The Study On The Policy That Grain Purchased And Marketedin By The State In Early Times From The State Built

Grain purchased and marketed by the state in a unified way, price stability, finance and economics unification and socialist rebuilding on agriculture, handcraft industry, capitalist industry and commerce are together called "three battles" on finance and economics at the beginning of the new china coming into existence. Grain purchased and marketed by the state in a unified way mainly includes uniform purchase form redundant farmers in the country (simply called uniform purchase), and uniform grain sale for citizens and poor farmers in the country (simply called uniform market); forbidding merchants managing grain free and the country strictly controlling the grain market; managing grain dividedly by the center and province with uniform management of the center.The policy that Grain purchased and marketed by the state in a unified way carried out in 1953, and lasted for 40 years long. It brought broad and deep effect to economics and social life in our country. Therefore, recovering and researching the policy of grain purchased and marketed in a unified way, and doing analysis on the infection of the policy, and understanding it rightly are great good for us at resolving the grain purchase and market problems at present and in the future.This article mainly makes researches on the forming and conforming and the effect of this grain purchase and market policy using sufficient materials from lots of archives and kinds of newspapers. It concretely includes: analysis on all kinds of effect reasons for the grain by the state in a unified way, the conforming of both in the country and city, all kinds of effect that brought into our country, and so on.First, I give some researches on the form and reasons for carrying out of the grain policy, through theory and law aspect, the two grain crisises in 1953 and 1955 the guiding route during the transition period. According to the above research, the grain price in 1952-1953 and the grain crisis gave the chance to come into existence. In order to drastically resolve the problem of grain's less demand but more sale, the central government carried out the grain purchased and marketed policy. Second, I analyze the conforming and systematism of the policy in our country from three aspects: the building of the grain market institution, the form of the grain purchased and marketed in a unified way both in the country and city. In the spell of 1953 to 1955, the policy that grain purchased and marketed in a unified way was strengthened; during 1953-1957, grain purchased and marketed by the state in a unified way underwent continuously adjust and change, in 1957, the policy turned into a whole system including three order system in the country and grain ration system in the city, grain market management system and grain card system. Although, this policy was changed late, its central system had already set up during 1953-1957.Last, I analyze the effect of this grain purchase and market policy on our economics, social development and the registered system, and I also conclude other reviews on this policy. This grain purchase and market policy played an important part on relaxing the grain crisis, and played an active role on the grain purchase and market, price stability and industrialization construction and so on, it also improved socialist rebuilding on agriculture, handcraft industry, capitalist industry and commerce. But it didn't remove the contradiction between the city and the country requirement, and it brought series of new contradictions also.