On Lenin's Thought Of Russian Land System Reform

In the process of leading Russian revolution and construction, Lenin regarded the farmer problem as an important issue from the beginning to the end, of which the root factor is land problem. Therefore Lenin tightly holded the reform of Russian land system to deal with the farmer problem. The thought on land problem runs through the history of his thoughts. Although there were some changes on the guiding ideologies and the concrete policies, Lenin can find out the problems in time and make some adjustments to adapt the national conditions of Russia.In this paper, the author tries to analyse Lenin's thought of Russian land system reform with Marxist basic principles and obtain some precious experiences. The thesis text is divided into three parts.In the first part, the author mainly discusses Lenin's thought of land ownership system reform, of which the core idea is the realization of land nationalization. Firstly, the author clarifies the developmental veins of Lenin's land nationalization thought, and emphasizes the main factors which made Lenin greatly change in his mind. Then the author expatiates the significance of Lenin's thought on land nationalization, and studies his thought of "American type" road to carry out land nationalization in Russia. At last, the author summarizes the application and development of Marxism by Lenin's thought of land nationalization.In the second part, the author mostly analyses Lenin's thought and policies of land use system reform. There are several facets in this part: For some reason, Lenin adopted the farmers' idea and established the principles of equal land disposition, after the October Revolution. During the period of the wartime-communism, there were some differences between Lenin and farmers on the mode of land use. Lenin's land policies greatly deviated from Russian reality of a low development level of productive forces. Lenin took reformational measures in his late years, on the one hand, he canceled the series of policies which discriminated against the farmers, and renewedly established the farmers' right of individual managing the land, on the other hand, he attempted to regulate the land relationship by economic means familiar to fanners. In the end of this part, the author introduces the different opinions on the land use of cooperation which Lenin advocated in his late years, and puts forward the author's viewpoint.In the third part, the author expounds the influence of Lenin's thought of Russian land system reform on Stalin's wholesale agricultural collectivization movement as well as on Chinese revolution and construction. Stalin falsely made an equal mark between the co-cultivating system and the cooperative system. Actually what he inherited was Lenin's thought in wartime-communism period, not the thought of cooperative system by Lenin. However both Lenin and Comrade Mao Zedong admitted the important place of land issue in the revolution and construction, they had different opinions on the concrete policies. One of the important reasons why we made mistakes on the agricultural cooperative movement during the early period of the People's Republic of China is that the major Party leaders confused the Lenin's theories of the co-cultivating system and the cooperative system. In the end of the article, the author summarizes two basic principles to be followed in the process of land system reform from Lenin's theory and practice: Firstly, the reform must adapt the development of productive forces. Secondly, the reform must protect farmers' fundamental interests.