Feuerbach Philosophy

Now if we want to understand Marx deeply and"going back to Marx", we must have a clearer understanding of his theoretical background. Only understanding the context of Marxist theories can we grasp the essence of the revolution which was realized by Marx. As a master of German classical philosophy, Hegelian philosophy is an important source of Marxist theory which has been recognized, but the importance of Feuerbach in the early development of Marxism is much of dispute. In my paper, it holds that in the process of Marx realizing his philosophy revolution, the role of Feuerbach is irreplaceable. The reason is not only that the time of Feuerbach between Hegel and Marx, and Feuerbach considered the criticism of Hegelian philosophy as the whole philosophy's criticism, the more important point is that Feuerbach failed, but it left text for Marx. Therefore, we should understand Marxism philosophy by Feuerbach and his relationship with Marx. Only see Marxism philosophy in its relationship with Feuerbach philosophy can we understand the essence of revolution which Marxism philosophy realized in philosophy's history. So in this sense, it is the same process for further elucidating Marxist revolution and its significance as rediscovering Feuerbach philosophy. Therefore we have to revert to Feuerbach philosophy.It can be said that, most of man in the academic admit that it is under the influence of Feuerbach that Marx could leave Hegelian philosophy, but they still underestimated Feuerbach's role in the formation of Marx's thinking. Perhaps, Feuerbach, as a person in the history of philosophy, can be considered as a limited important and transitional figure, but the transitional effect of Feuerbach is unusual from the other perspective, because he is related to a series of basic premises of Marxism philosophical revolution. Therefore, any wrong thinking of Feuerbach's effect may lead to wrong understanding about the essence of the revolution Marxism philosophy realized.This paper argues that, Feuerbach bravely criticizes religion and idealism which were in the dominant position, establishes materialist philosophy with a character of humanism, and it restores the authority of materialism. His philosophy plays an important role in the development of human history, and it has the indelible status and contributions in the history of philosophy. As a precious legacy of German philosophy, Feuerbach's philosophy has accumulated in the wealth waging of Germany. In the process of forming his own philosophy, Marx had the same stage as Feuerbach, He established his new philosophy on the basis of Hegelian philosophy and Feuerbach's philosophy, the role of Feuerbach should not be underestimated.The paper is divides into three parts:The first part traces that Hegel, as the most famous representative of German classical philosophy, played an important role in the history of philosophy. He established the philosophy system of dialectical idealism with huge and strict logical structure. It can be said that, Marx went on his philosophy journey under the influence of Hegel's philosophy, at the same time, Marx established based on his criticism on Hegel's philosophy. Making for Hegel is a significant transition for young Marx going toward historical materialism finally, and the approach to Hegel in the University of Berlin was the beginning of Marx's exploring new world view. It can be said that, Hegel's thought is very important for the forming of Marx's ideas of world before Marx's thought developing into Materialism and Communism.The second part explains the influence of Feuerbach on Marx's thought based on Feuerbach's text, and then indicates that there is a Feuerbach's stage in the forming of Marx's thought. First, this part introduces several aspects Feuerbach criticizing Hegel's philosophy: he indicated that Hegel inverted the relationship between the thought and the existence, proved that Hegel's idealism and religion is in isomorphism, promulgated the wrong root of Hegel's philosophy, and summarized the inherent contradictions of Hegel's philosophy. After criticizing Hegel's philosophy, Feuerbach proposed his own new philosophy ,perceptual philosophy, and assumes that his perceptual principle is opposed with Hegel's thought activity. By seeing Feuerbach's philosophy thought, we can see that Feuerbach was an important philosopher in the history of philosophy. His perceptual philosophy, the critic of the Christianity and the theology, as well as the critic of the speculation idealism, are the final achievements of Germany Enlightenment, and the theoretical summaries on people in the modern west. Its status is indelible in the history of philosophy.The third part, also the last part, is Marx's critic on Feuerbach's perceptual principle. Based on the principle of practice, Marx surpasses Hegel's thinking activity and Feuerbach's perceptual passive by the activity of practice. By expanding and clarifying practice's concept, and emphasizing the status and the function of practice, Marx overcomes the flaws of Hegel's thought about that realistic historical development is abstracted and Feuerbach's thought about that he misunderstand person's perceptual activity. In the end, he establishes new materialism on the basis of practice. It can be said that, Marxism reaches its theoretical height of"new materialism"by developing the good and discarding the bad of the follow things: the idea of"pure materialism"which holds"person was hostile", Feuerbach's"penetrating materialism"which holds that the perceptual existence is only one kind of objects but not the process, Hegel's"speculation idealism"which holds that the real material world is covered by absolute spirit or self-awareness. In other words, materialism philosophy on the basis of practice reaches a new level. Marx and Engels make their philosophy going deep into"perceptual activity"and practice, and then extend the aim of philosophy from understanding world to transforming world. At last, they end the institute philosophy on the basis of speculation, and establish the theory weapon serving for the proletariat revolution.