A Study On The Adjustment Of The Administrative Division In The Recent Morden History Of Northeast Of China

In the administrative area our country has the longest history and the richest content in the world. From the unification of China by the emperor Chin Shihuang who invented the system of Jun-Xian, more than 2,000 years has passed, a rich and useful experience has been accumulated. Since new China had been established, the country attaches the very importance to the administrative division. Through 50 years of incessant reform and adjustment, gradually forms the present system of the administrative division, which is not yet finalized, requiring a further perfection and the enhancement. The practice needs the theory, but the theory originates from the practice, also is higher than the practice. Therefore we need to summarize the historical and the reality experiences to instruct the future practice.The northeast in the contemporary history of our country is the area with the most frequent alternation of political power and the most complex historical evolution. The recent modern history and geography of northeast is also one of the difficult problems in the related academic field. Since the establishment of the¨Province System¨in 1907, the number of administrative branches gradually increased, and the area of each administrative division has experienced relatively big changes. And because of being the border area, compared with the central area, this region has come through more alternation of political powers, which is displayed obviously in terms of administrative division. The frequently abolishing and establishing, dividing and integrating of the administrative districts are typical characteristics of the administrative division in the modern northeastern history; meanwhile we have accumulated lots of positive experiences. The author earnestly comparing all kinds of literatures and related studies with one another; makes a detailed analysis after a careful proofread; outlines a rather clear clue of the process of variation of the administrative division in modern northeast history, and does a profound research on the political, economic, social backgrounds also related to the administrative division. Through these works, we know absolutely that the northeast is an inalienable part of People's Republic of China, which has its deep historical foundation. This point has a practical significance on the patriotic education and also helps us to understand, to love even to promote the development of northeast.The paper takes the administrative division of northeast as the subject of research. Taking the evolution and the development of the northeastern administrative division since the"Province System"in 1907 as the main clue, using theoretic knowledge of geography, science of administration, economics and so on, this article absorbs the newest achievements of various social sciences to describe the primary establishment and the transformation of the administrative division in every period, in this way to figure out the principles of its evolution and the mechanism of its development. Focusing on the characteristics of the northeast, the author has done a multi- angles and multi-disciplinary systemic analysis.Through the theory and the demonstrative analysis, we will obtain the possible orientation of development of Northeast China in the future administrative division and depict the map of the northeast administrative division. The whole paper can be divided into two parts: the theoretical fundament and historical evolution; the research on related factors and the analysis on principles and mechanism. The first chapter, namely the theoretical fundament and historical evolution, includes introduction, the first and second chapters. In the introduction the main subject of this paper——modern northeastern political distracts is introduced, some necessary definition and comparison on the concepts relevant to the northeastern political districts are made, and also the idea and methodology of this research are outline here. Meanwhile a review and academic comment on related literatures of northeastern political distracts since 1907 is processed here from the perspectives of historical evolution, systematic reform, related theories and foreign researches in this field. Chapter1, is the evolution of modern northeastern political districts by stages, starts from 1907 when northeastern"Province System"starts, to 1955 when the province Rehe abolished. According to alternation of the political powers, the historical period of the northeastern administrative division approximately can be divided into five phases. On this base, an analysis on the administrative mechanism and a prospect on the various phases'history are given. Chapter2 is a specialized statement of each particular region of the modern northeast, which is mainly devoted to explore the reasons and survey of the establishment and historical evolution of each region.The second part, namely the research on related factors and the analysis on principles and mechanism, has two chapters, chapeter3 and chapter4. In chapter3, a analysis on the historical evolution of modern northeastern political districts and its relevant factors is made. Chapter4 is designed to probe into the principles of the historical evolution of modern northeastern political districts and conditions of keeping or abolishing them and the reasons of the adjustment and changes in the various phases'northeastern political districts, especially have a specialized discussion on the administrative scope, hierarchy and so on. This work is aimed to provide the future administrative division with some advantageous references.The hierarchy and scope of the political distracts and even the administrative ranges are different from time to time. The hierarchy some time increases, some time decreases; the scope of the political distracts some time gets bigger, some time gets smaller; the administrative ranges also change very frequently. So many factors are frustrating the studies on the historical political districts that are very easy to be neglected in terms of statistical study if the concentration is mainly on only one of the factors. Taking Jilin Pro. for example, the definition on the ranges of its historical political districts is very hard and complex. If taking the name Jilin Province as the criteria, the range of Jilin Province should be the most area to the east of Songhuajiang River not including Baicheng area. But if taking nowadays range of Jilin as the criteria, this province in the past 100 years mainly belongs to several provinces. This kind of methodology must result in some statistical oversight or confusion of some districts. This is all because of the special historical experiences and the complex evolution of the administrative division of the northeast. To get it clear and understandable, the ideal way is getting out of the limitation of"province"and regarding the whole northeastern region as an independent sector to research, viewing the history of the political districts of each province from the perspective of the evolution of the whole northeastern political district. In addition, the northeastern region is also in a relatively stable situation that makes the study of this paper practical and feasible to the historical and geographical realities.Therefore, this paper is going to treat the whole northeastern region as an independent sector to research, take the annalistic administrative division of political districts as the key point and the administrative division by major events as the supplement to find a clear clue in the complicated history in hopes of making compensation to the flaws of the two cases above.In addition, as a reference and theoretical article, this paper also attaches some tables and maps about the modern historical evolution of the northeastern political districts and includes some tables of comparative studies on the hierarchy and scope of the political districts of various periods, especially some typical years. These will well help us have a vivid understanding on the historical evolution of modern northeastern political districts.