A Study Of The Administrative Moral Thoughts In "Guan Zi"

"Guan Zi" is an important book of Chinese ancients and records. As an important component of Chinese ancient thought, it based on the Legalist's political and is extensively include many kinds of thought such as politics, economy, philosophy, military, agronomy, education etc. "Guan Zi" take state policy as central topic, expound the national administration moral thought aiming at running and stabilizing a country in all-round way. And with in its abundant national administration moral thought, it not only pays attention to the ideal morals, but also more to the administrative moral thought for the serving of the practice of national social management. Its administrative ethics have involved government ethics, system and decision ethics and the ethics of civil servant including the consciousness of moral and ethics principles etc. all of these have important theory and practice meaning for the contemporary construction of administrative ethics, and it is also the important theory resources to explore of the instruction. However, because of the later starting on administrative ethics in domestic academic fields and some other reasons the research about the ancient administrative ethics history is relatively wick, the study on administrative ethics thought of "Guan Zi" is even rarer. So, trying to carry on the discussion of the administrative ethics thought of "Guan Zi" undoubtedly have important academic and realistic meaning. Just based on this reason, I select the subject under discussion.This text divides to four parts.Part one, combed and analyzed the formulation and development of the thought in "Guan Zi" from the social developing historical angle.Formulation and development of "Guan Zi" thought have its particular social and politics background. The Chunqiu and Zhanguo Periods of Chinese history is the transition time period of the extinction of noble patriarchal clan system to the emerging of bureaucrat system, it go through the Shi qing system of Chun qiu Period to Ren guan system of Zhanguo Period. The thought of "Guan Zi" just be produced under these circumstances.The formulation and development of the main point in "Guan Zi" had experienced ruling by virtue, ruling by law and finally to ruling by both. It is generally acknowledged that among the schools of Chun qiu and Zhan guo Periods, the Confucians was build firstly, after that, in the last phase of the Periods, Legalists was build and became the ruling school. In fact, a development history of schools of pre-Qin period is exactly the development history of Legalists in the time of Chun qiu and Zhan guo Periods. "Guan Zi" was took shape gradually during the time of the last stage of Chun qiu and the Zhan guo Period. Its thought has an obvious clue of its emerging and development, and the development trend shows by the clue is totally conforms with the general thought development of the Chun qiu and Zhan guo Periods, for we can see that "Guan Zi" emphasized virtue at first stage of the periods, then began to emphasized law at middle stage and emphasized the combine of both at later."Guan Zi" was not wrote by one person in one time, it had experienced its historical development from the time of Chunqiu Period to the Zhanguo Period, so it nether like the Confucians to advocate ethical ideal without the mentioning of law, nor like Shang Yang and Han Fei to advocate ruling by law but to belittles the ethics, the main characteristic of "Guan Zi" is that it approves the ruling by law and enlightens by ethical education concurrently.Part two, analyzed the administrative principle of "Guan Zi" from the ethical angle.The core of the "Guan Zi" administrative ethics principle is that the monarch is radical and ultimate factor of a country, and letting this principle rule all the administrative ethics thought and behaviors. In order to make this principle really carried out, "Guan Zi" request all people of a country under a monarch's command, to strengthen the monarchical power."Guan Zi" has also put forward the human-oriented administrative ethics principle on the assumption that human naturally benefits themselves, based on this assumption, it advocate the national and should social affairs should based on its human-oriented principle, and comply with and direct the human nature.The justice and harmonious is one of the administrative ethics principles of "Guan Zi" too. It not only had defined just intension, announced the just important meaning but also put forward the way of realizing the justice and harmonious, that is to draw a clear-cut line between reward and punishment and should also watch the degree of them.Part three: analyzed the administrative ethics in the book from the ethics angle. "Guan Zi" put forward the administrative standardized requirement mainly to the aspects such as ethics norm, ethics norm of the administrative mechanism, administrative behavior ethics norm, ethics norm of administrative supervision, the administrative organization and administrative person and those two administrative subjects too. "Guan Zi" also require the harmonious between administrative hierarchy, and regard the monarch and administrator to be an organic whole as an administrative goal.Part four, introspected the administrative ethics thought in "Guan Zi" from the modern administrative ethics angle, analyzed and found out the thought quintessence which can fit in the modern administrative ethics from it, isolated the historical limitation which is contrary with the modern administrative idea, and has announced the important enlightenment to the construction of modern administrative ethics of the administrative thought of "Guan Zi", that is to make the administrator's individual loyalty to the higher authorities become the loyalty to the social public administration ,namely, administrative loyalty; make the individual natural instinct of profits and the people's altruistic be combined; let the means of people and purpose of people to combine together. According this text, only if to realize these transformations and sublimation, the administrative thought of "Guan Zi" would has more value to explore and more positive realistic meanings.