On Relationship Between Human Activities And Environment From The End Stage Of The Old Stone Age To The New Stone Age In The Area Of The Upper Reaches Of Weihe River And Xihan River

The upper reaches of Weihe River and Xihanshui River is one of Chinese civilization important places of origin. The archaeology excavates indicated that, this area has richly remains from the end of the Old Stone Age to the New Stone Age.This article from the historical geography angle, as the unit of the basin and the cultural tectonic plate systematically studies interaction relations of primitive economy shape, between the historical early time culture landscape pattern as well as the environmental variation and the pre-historical culture vicissitude.The area of the area of Guanzhong and Longyou is in the traffic centre of the area of Guanzhong and Longyou, and it is the center of culture communication not latter than the earlier period of New Stone Age.The terrain, physiognomy, climate, vegetation and plants Province have multiplex characteristics.At the last stage of Paleolithic, Most of gathering and hunting economy in agreeable climate span of the closing stage of Peistocene was in loess valley, where water and heat conditions were superior, the vegetation was luxuriant, the wild animals were frequently met.During the early stage of New Stone Age (8200aBP-6900aBP), agriculture of Panicummiliaceum and Brassica growing, chicken and sheep raising, had started. The economy was mainly gathering and hunting, and agriculture was less important. primative agriculture of this period in the area was only one of links in the process of agricultural origination. Social economic conditions, natural environment and the archaeological excavation proved this is one of Chinese agriculture civilization dissemination centers.During the period of Yangshao culture(6900aBP-4900aBP), the scale and space of primitive agricultural economy increasingly expanded, and achieved in period of great prosperity in the closing stage of Yangshao culture(5500aBP-4900aBP),the climate had fluctuated since the middle of period of Yangshao, and the agriculture focus gradually moved from the area of northern Weihe River to southern one. At the same time, the factors of civilization formed. Yangshao culture in this area became two different kinds. The fire-farming destroyed ecological environment of some areas, and accelerated soil erosion.During Longshan culture(4900aBP-3900aBP), the fire-farming agriculture changed into hoe-farming agriculture; this period had three spans: the declining stage(4800aBP-4200aBP), the re-prosperous stage(4200-3900 aBP ),the re-declining stage(after 3900aBP).The ecological environment degenerated because of warm and dry climate, of human being's violating, these are the reasons that fire-farming agriculture declined, and that the economic focus moved. In the area of loess valley and hills of northern Weihe River, where the soil texture is loose, the climate is dry and cool, the agriculture increased faster than other place.The climate became dry and cold quickly in about 4000aBP, Qijia culture declined and died out because of strong drought, semi-pastor and semi-agriculture economy appeared. From Spring and Autumn Period to Warring period, nomdic tribe in northern china permeated in area of northern Weihe River. At the same time, the agricultural civilization changed into varieties.