Modern Times National Language Movement Research

The modern times national language movement has the epoch-making significance in the Chinese language cultural history, it has for the first time formulated the science knowledge sound auxiliary means - letter, and spells with it reads the writing, studied for the ordinary common people is literate has provided the convenient condition; It overthrew several millenniums to come the aspect which the literary style monopolized, the force literary style from the language and writing stage center to depart low-spirited, has swept clean the final barrier for the vernacular literature vigorous development; The national language movement development to the language unification, the education popularization has all produced to for the profound influence.As the Chinese modern times New Culture Movement important constituent, the national language movement development while affects the New Culture Movement, also to the Chinese modern times politics, the economy has indirectly had certain influence.For the thorough research national language movement history, this article mainly includes following several aspects:The vernacular literature movement and the national language movement has, the development has the deep historical culture gene.As the aristocrat literature homologue, the vernacular literature as early as on breeds, the growth before two millenniums on China's earth.The Chinese Wei's musical conservatory, Tang Dynasty's poetry, Song Ming the story-telling script as well as the Ming and Qing Dynasties novel which develops in this foundation may be called outstanding representative.End of the Qing, while"poem revolution"and"novel revolution"the development, the latter Qing dynasty vernacular literature movement official start, this also is precisely 54 new vernacular literature movement source.In the ancient times, stemming from the human relations need, in the Spring and Autumn Period time, appeared"the standard speech", also is the correct standard language.The Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties time, establishes a capital city Beijing, continues for 800 years long time.Beijing becomes the Chinese politics, the economical and the cultural center, the northern Mandarin dialect status date sees prominently, afterwards one kind was called"the Mandarin"the common language is formed gradually, this also is precisely the modern standard spoken Chinese foundationThe national language movement occurrence has the various reason.In China ancient times the agricultural society, the language culture monopolized by the small number of people, its negative effect also not really obvious.After two Opium War, the feudal economy disintegrates gradually, capitalist economy obtains certain degree the development, the national bourgeoisie starts to appear, the national consciousness starts to awaken.This time, the popularization education and the national language unification already became the Capitalist industrialization time the urgent need.Afterwards, imperial civil service examination system abolishing cleaned the biggest barrier for the national language movement development, but the modern education system establishment has built the broadest stage for the national language movement development.Always has the different opinion by stages to the national language movement, this article is connected in the predecessor discusses the work in the foundation, through further studies, divides into the national language movement three times.Fanch'ieh the movement is the national language movement exploration time, it accumulated the rich experience for later national language movement, has built the solid foundation.From the pronunciation unification meeting establishment to the phonetic notation letter formulation for the national language movement period of expansion, here, the important participant who the government already becomes in the national language movement, has provided the important safeguard for the national language movement development.After 1916, while"agreement of speech and writing"with"national language movement"the confluence and the national language education official development, the national language movement moved towards the mature period.After several dozens years endeavor, the national language movement had the unified standard gradually, this also causes the partial people easily the national language movement understanding is pure"the unification"the movement, actually, so-called"the unification"is precisely and"is not unified"corresponds.When research national language movement, cannot emphasize one thing at the expense of another to the two.National language movement several initiators are precisely in this foundation, to the literary style took the massive investigations, made the whip to the dialect literature and the national language literature relations to ward off into in the analysis, the national language movement is precisely in this solid rationale, has yielded the substantial result.The end of the Qing to the Republic of China time fanch'ieh the movement, the vernacular literature movement and the national language movement, implemented in the Chinese language modernization historical entire process, bingcheng for language modernization three big movements.Although they three respective emphasis points are different, but its most basic starting point is consistent, that is complies with the Chinese culture from the tradition to the modern reforming major tendency, the transformation culture carrier and the cultural dissemination tool, thus achieved the popular social education, opens the national wisdom, improves the national culture quality the goal.Because fanch'ieh the movement, the vernacular literature movement and the national language movement three between itself development has the mutual historical succession and the inner link, has become in the national language movement research to three same point of difference analysis comparison constructions the indispensable important constituent.The national language movement initial objective is the popularization education, enhances the people wisdom then enhancement national strength, therefore the national language movement history in fact also is the national language propaganda and the education development history, regardless of is in the scientific theory, in reality, the two all are is unable separately.Specially in 1920, Ministry of Education officially issued an order the national school replaces the literary style education by the colloquial style education, here, the national language has obtained the official official approval.Thus, also has safeguarded the national language legal status from the system, also is helpful to the national language carrying out work effective implementation.Therefore, for thorough research national language movement, in this paper, also makes the national language movement and the national language education the synthetic study.In brief, the process end of the Qing at the beginning of people several generation of study person's joint efforts, the national language movement proposed at first"the agreement of speech and writing""was unified with the national language"the goal already is basic realizes, the national language finally substituted for the literary style dominant status, the national language education has also obtained the legal status in the school edition.But the language is after all a huge complex system, several dozens year national language movement history and literary style several thousand histories compare, simply not worthy of mentioning.Therefore formulates newly the national language all appears in many aspects insufficiently maturely, this also is any thing in the pioneering stage all inevitable.The language similarly also is so.For all this, we should see, the national language movement total tendency is the advance.Until today, the modern language very is also young.In order to promote the modern language healthy development, but also should unceasingly carry on the standard, the adjustment to it.