The Analysis Of Subject-oriented Thought In Pre-Qin Dynasties' Confucianism

Spring&Autumn, and Warring States Period is a social turbulent time. The development of the productivity and the advancement of the human being has promoted the awakening for the self-man's independent status and the confirmation to subject-oriented thought, it has formed the Spring and Autumn Period progressive ideological trend——Humanist ideological trend. Human to oneself understanding manifests in following two aspects in this time:One hand,it established Subject-oriented Thought from the relationship between goodness and human, there appeared the idea of taken the human to despise the heaven, takes the human to the God. The fatality view as the thought's prop started disintegrating,human's status has been began to promote. On the other hand, from the difference of the human and animal's angle, it distinguishes the human and the nature . Along with to human own understanding thorough, people began to ponder how do the people to be himself, what is human's essence? What's the relationship between the human and the nature? These have became important questions, which in the Spring and Autumn Period time thinker discussed. The Confucianism philosophy also is carrying on pondering the human himself from the very beginning, only its standpoint is unique, it started from that the heaven has the highest morals, nature should be assimilated by ethic, and take this kind of heaven as the summons, let people observe the social norm, like this unifies the human and the nature and ethics.The ancient Greek philosopher Protegra proposed the renowned proposition:Human beings have been the cores of attentions since ancient time, but the pre-Qin Confucians set up person's control status in universe:"human is the most distinguished in the nature". Confucianism's is an unceasing self- transformed, the self- denial, self- surmounting, and the self-realization activity. The western philosophy to person's subject-oriented definition, mainly is from the person and the outside relations, from person whether is in the initiative position. But Confucianism then comprehensively inspected relations between human and the nature, human and society, human and own. The relations between human and the nature should be the harmonious unification, the person received the heaven, thus has nature of the destiny, return to this kind of natural disposition is the person's value pursue beginning, finally for adapts the society well as the end.The Confucians'ponder to person is with the heaven unifies in together at first. In Kong Zi there, the heaven is regarded, as is the incarnation of morals relation, it's the heaven of the righteousness principle, it seems that the heaven limit people's independent consciousness development,but in another meaning, just because the heaven has moral, the people has very many deficiencies as subject, therefore wants the people to imitate the heaven. Kong Zi hasn't directly proposed the human's subject value, but this independent spirit obviously revealed in this. The characteristic of the Confucianism thought is that add the ethics on nature and then taken this heaven as summon, let people observe ethics (social norm), because heaven s the highest, the human couldn't disobey it, but this heaven is the base of all ethics. Kong Zi said that the heaven given me the moral, just it could certificate the moral of the heaven could transfer to the human, Zi-si said that people's nature is the heaven's nature in ZhongYong. This also explains that the human's nature comes from the heaven. Indeed there has the meaning of kind nature, and then there has the human nature is kind. Mencius explicitly merges the heaven and the person in a system, he embarks from the moral subject principle, directly took person's disposition as the ditch to accumulicate the heaven with person, which find out concrete ways for carry out the syncretism of heaven and human. The heaven is the highest entity, the person is the moral subject. Ethics and the moral is the basis for it. Human nature is from the heaven not but the root to the heart, therefore in the human nature it contained the instinct. But the human nature and the instinct is interlinked, so if the person expand the friendly end in the oneself heart, could realize the natural disposition such as humanity, justice and humanity ritual, wisdom, simultaneously had also known the instinct, Mencius proposed knew in the heart and the nature, knows the heaven in this foundation.Xunzi is different from Kong Zi and Mencius, what the heaven he said didn't have the meaning of the ethics, but have the natural meaning. He acknowledged the objective existence of the natural law, it didn't take person's will as the shift, and therefore he proposed a glory proposition"control destiny and uses it"in the foundation of"clear about division of the heaven and human". He mainly emphasize the ethic norm's positive meaning, thought that the heaven and the human respectively have differently duty, human's subject value mostly displays in person's vital function in government country as well as in the ritual righteousness law relations, the person takes the leading role. He has analyzed that person's desire is the infinite, if didn't perform to limit, inevitably it could cause the dispute, therefore he advocated to attach importance to courtesy and law. People whom as the subject, they can formulate establish these ritual and laws, can grasp its basic spirit, uses this etiquette to govern the world, and manifests person's subject value in the concrete practice.This article mainly dialyses person's subject status from pre-qin Confucians main representative personage's thought of Kong Zi, Mencius, in Xunzi, and analyzes the development of the Confucian's subject status from their thought.