Study On Problem Of Officials' Transferring During Western-Han Dynasty

The official transfering is the important composition of official managementsince the Warring States. During Western-Han Dynasty, In order to maintain nationalunification and consolidate absolutely monarchy system as well as Strengthen thecentral management towards the localgovernment, The rulers of Western HanDynasty have taken official's position transfering as a method, On the one hand todiligently cause the person and the position's arrangement to tend to be reasonablymixed, On the other hand, the official transfering is specifically manifested meriturgingenergy enjoying, the excellents' rewarding and the inferiors' punishing, theofficial transfering is also the enthusiastic measure to transfer officials from thepsychology to be utterly loyalfulfills duty, perform meritrious deeds. Western HanDynasty official's promotion, except that must have the merit (military merit, mattermerit, labour merit) and so on, Official's knowledge, fame, moral character and soon are also the important attributes which affect officials' promotion. The importantreason causing the official's demotion have "zuo" (official illegal violation ofregulations), reports which do not satisfy the emperor and being weak which is notcompetent and so on. The Western Han Dynasty official transfering includes chaju, the inspection, being recommended, self-recommended as well as considers thedeceitful way. The different names of official transfering during Western-HanDynasty have "Qian", "Xi", "Zhuo", "Ru, Chu", "Fu" and so on. The concrete wayshave promotion, demotion and parallel transferring. The Western Han Dynasty period, the absolute monarchy system also caused the serious phenomena that officialtransfering according to emperor's likes and the emperor's wife's or mother's familyofficials' benefits.