The Research Of Urban Geography In Ning-xia Province In Ming Dynasty

The historical urban geography is an important branch of the histoicalgeography, The object that it study is a period city in history. The investigative contentsis main for the geography foundation of the rise and fall of the city in history, Thecharacteristic of the district space of the city organizesin in history and the regulation oftuming into and internal and spatial regulation of the city. Nowadays, many city in thisdistrict came from the city in history. especially, a large amount of military garrisonstations and Tunpus were established in Ming Dynasty, these garrison stations andTunpus urged cities system in this area gradually to be established and has formed citiesdistribution approximate pattern in this area nowadays, At the same time the citiesemerged that had brought the influence to the custom culture and the naturalenvironment in this area, but the natural environment worsening brought the negativeinfluence to select the location for urbans and its development and economicaldevelopment in this area, even some scholars pointed out the economy backwardness inNingxia was precisely the beginning to this time. For this article take several main citiesas the core in Ming Dynasty in this area, starts at the geography foundation, the socialbackground, the cities rank, the cities scale, the cities function and interaction relationsbetween the development and the environment. Take these as my breakthrough point,and association some small cities, analyze many questions in its cities systemestablishment process, for example the geography foundation, the social background, thescale change and the relation between these and the environment and so on, Theseconclusion came to provide a very good historical basis for urbans development inNingxia area.To be specific, this article mainly divides into five parts:First, I will make a simple introduction for the reason of selecting topic, meaning,research state, research approaches, research thinking ways and the goals that this textshould reach. For the present stage, there is a introduction in historical period in thisdistrict and study to farming and animal husbandry development and relation thatenvironment development for this district in historical period. These problems were much more reserached. And the research of cities and towns in this district are confineto a case study or only limited to the studying of some respects for Yinchuan, Guyuanand some large towns in Ming Dynasty. About some small urbans were built in MingDynasty in this district, such as garrison stations and Tun-Pu and urban system, theselack a whole and diligently research.Second, in part two, more problem are talked about. At first, analyze physicalgeography foundation and social historical background of rising in urbans in this district.And explains the construction time to the main urbans in this district of the MingDynasty. Then make and do in the test for obscurity of time of the construction of somecities in this area. And then together with small towns, I can divide the development ofthe urbans into three periods: Including before Xuande, Zhengtong to Jiajing and Wanli.Finally, Carry on the discussion on relevant elements(eg: Garrison's quantity and thegrade of its general) in the forming process of urban system.Third, discussion urbans' shape characteristic and development of scale of urbans inNingxia in Ming Dynasty. Through collect the materials, Urbans in this area appearedtwo shapes: regular square city and irregular city. Square city appeared that wasinfluenced by Chinese traditional thought "Hemispherical dome" according to GuChaoLin's research. At the same time, square city benefit for defending to the enemy.And the irregular shape urbans cause by particular geographical conditions. Scale of theurbans mostly through a promote first and keep state of promote after, Tracing to itscause is because war is increasing and its function had obviously strengthen, thus causeits scale and position can be promoted. The war was relaxed on later stage,corresponding scale and position could keep the level after promoting, but with warmove gradually to the east in end of Ming Dynasty, Some urbans started to decline. Thescale of the urbans displays on the girth of city, high and thick of the city wall, width ofthe moat, amount of the garrison(I. e. population scale)and so on. A lot of urbans throughfirst building previously, and then reach back-end enlargement and build again, Thechange of its girth is obvious. But about the garrison or population, because the localrecords have bad habit of following the local records of the former generation, thisproblem caused population change difficult to operate. We should be analysed carefully.Four, this part analyzes the function of the urbans in this area. Because in this areamost urbans belong to military defense town of property, Only describe its function'sembodiment briefly for this. But some urbans still had concurrently economic function. In here, due to historical document has less records, the analysis on economic functioncan only rely on the characters to describe.Five, On the basis of analyzing before these, To analyze geographical distributionof urbans and the relation btween establishment and evolution of urbans and itsenvironment. At first, analysis of the characteristic of urban geographical distribution inthis area and its influence factor, We can obtain: these urbans in this area mainlydistributed in Ningxia plain, along the line of the Great Wall, Along river and road.These urbans distributed more centralized in the space. The urbans' evolutioninfluenced to the natural environment, frontier situation, population structure andfolkways and customs in locality. Oppositly, The natural environment and humaneenvironment bring influence on the construction and development of the urbans in thisdistrict. Therefore, the environmental problem in urban construction and evolution can'tbe ignored, Otherwise environment will brought some negative effect for city'sconstruction and economic development.