The Commercial Department Of The Later Qing Dynasty From 1903 To 1906

Along with unprecedented national crisis, the Qing Government in order to save its own rule initiated a strong, independent and prosperous reform campaign from 1901 to 1911.The campaign involves political, economic, military, cultural, educational and other aspects. Economic policy as the major aspects of the reforms in any Dynasty, in the New Deal reforms also refreshing. The important reform is the establishment of a special industrial and commercial management department. Since then thousands of years traditional economic policies began to change and implement the new policy to award business. These have greatly enhanced the social status of businessmen, and promoted the modernization of Chinese industries. This thesis made a brief presentation and analysis about the background of the establishment of the commercial department at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the series of commercial activities and the role of the Department. Hope to recognize and evaluate this Department with comprehensive and fair.This thesis is divided into preface, principal part and conclusion. In this thesis, the preface brief introduces the research topics and practical significance; Principal part includes three main parts: The first part: The background of the establishment of the Commercial Department. The advocacy and support mainly from the Qing Dynasty rulers, government officials at all levels to change their concepts and vigorously implemented, the industry's own social values reflected in three areas to be addressed. At the end of Qing Dynasty, with the continuous deepening of imperialist aggression, the rulers have gradually realized the importance of the commercial development, abolished the ban on mining and factories and gradually implement the new policy about mercantilism. Negotiate with foreign officials at all levels are aware of the importance of the business to the prosperity of the country, began to promote the business. Along with the gradual integration of world trade, the businessmen not only understand that their own social values no longer ashamed of doing business, but also increased self-confidence. Part II: Business Department and the agencies are engaged in a series of activities. First introduced Department includes five Divisions. After a brief description of the role and the responsibilities of the Divisions, followed by describing the business activities, such as: formulated the "business law" and the "Bankruptcy Law" and others. Then detailed descriptions of the contents of these laws and regulations and played an important in protection and promotion of industrial development; set up a special management business trade associations, This is the first modern businesses in the self-organization of China. It raised the social status of businessmen, strengthened the business community, changed the traditional business, established a business and industrial development of a new relationship between the businessmen and officials; Implemented incentives policy, in order to encourage investment in industrial nations capitalists, business at awards noble title. Increased investment in modern enterprises to be more active, promoted the development of modern industries. Lay stress on education, the government set up the Business School to foster commercial talent with new business ideas, founded the newspaper of business, introduced the world of business and the pioneering business vision, to better develop production plans, and others. Part III: The role of the Department. From the active role and limitations of the two main aspects to analysis, The establishment of the commercial department and the policies have changed the traditional concepts, and enhanced the social status of businessmen, protected the legitimate rights and interests of businessmen, and aroused the enthusiasm of the national capitalists to invest in industrial, and promote the development of Chinese industries; After the establishment of the commercial department, the Registrar of Companies, trademark protection, a company goes bankrupt, the construction of railways, mineral exploitation, have formulated relevant laws and regulations, the implementation of these laws and regulations for businessmen to invest in the protection of the law. For the development of China industrial is a legal guarantee, and so on. However, due to time limitations, there are still some imperfections for Department's own business, Some laws enacted from the reality of the Chinese society has become a mere scrap of paper, coupled with the imperialist interference, therefore, the development of the Qing Dynasty played a negative role; Conclusion briefly discusses the formulation and implementation of economic policies to the development of a society, while We are now at the deepening of economic reform, every one must learn from the history of China's economic reform experience and the lessons learned.