A Study On Action Manner Category

This paper sets up an action manner category from the angle of the meaning and mainly uses the event schema theory of cognitive linguistics to analyze. In this paper, we analyze the relation between the action and the manner under the action's frame, and focus on the research of the projection rules of the manner category.First, we use the event schema theory to define the content and the essence of the manner category. The event schema refers to the action's semantic frame. It includes an event element and many event-relation elements. The manner is the means or tools used by the actor or the situation coming out from the action. Its essence is the semantic relation. The manner category is a highly abstraction to various"action- manner"relation. Its essence is the semantic category.Second, we analyze the scope of the nature, characteristics and the sub-manner categories. The manner category which is a highly abstract and generalized system can be divided into four sub-categories: means, tools, situation, posture. The boundaries between the four sub-categories are not strictly antagonistic, but there are overlapping areas. The difference among them is the relative difference, the characteristic among them is the relative characteristic. The situation and the posture depend on action more stronger and may have come directly. The means and the tools often need help from other objects to show up, have a certain amount of independence and individuality.On this basis, we analyze the manner category's projection rules on the surface of syntax. The achievement of event schema is flexible and variable. The schema's structure doesn't correspond to the syntactic structure. Influenced by the speaker's psychological and cognitive interests, the same event will have different expressions. At the bottom of the event schema, the manner is indispensable. However, in the specific language activities, it may be shown or covert. Realization manner to the surface syntax, there are many situations. Sometimes without the corresponding surface in the form of language, the manner is projected to the background; sometimes on surface with the form of a corresponding language, the manner not only has multilingual form, but also achieves a variety of syntactic position. Different position requires different syntactic conditions.The manner category is a very important category in the area of typological linguistics. The study on this category is not only conductive to the development of semantic theories, but also conductive to the development of the typological linguistics.