| In the late 19th century, the modern idea of the Sea Power is developing. In the last decades of the 19th century, a worldwide Navy technological revolution leaded a modern naval armaments and strategy evolution, in the mid-19th century Qing Dynasty financed the development of a modern naval force. But after the initial success was achieved in the last two decades of the 19th century date, the progress was shut down. During the most crucial period of technological upgrading in the Navy, the empire has ceased to continue to invest. China's modern Navy development came to a failure. In an era of gunboat diplomacy and power politics, a loss of their own power supported by a strong Navy, the state has fallen into passive and a long-term difficulty.This study uses the method of the study of history and strategy to interpret the development of modem technology and modern navy sea thinking in the late 19th century and tries to thing the reason why the Navy was weak, sea power was fallen and the country's fate was hopeless by putting the late Qing Dynasty with the country's diplomatic and foreign policy strategy on a common framework of historical analysis.From the failure of the Opium War, China was forced to face competition in the world, and thinking about ways to deal with threats overseas. It was on top of the problem that modernization of the building of the Navy. During the period of Westernization Movement, China's modern industry and the shipbuilding industry received a preliminary technical accumulation; however, the building still relied mainly on the purchase of naval ships and cannot achieved self-defense equipment research and development. And the question of the navy's organization and command had not been resolved effectively. Technical problems and the organization of China's modern navy became the most important reasons for the failure on the battlefield. The political chaos highlighted by the Navy's military spending show that the political system failure is more serious and more difficult to compensate.From 1884 to 1894, this decade seemed to be a Modern China's strategic opportunity period. On one hand, the Tong-Chi Restoration for development start a new developing period, that is better than the Opium War period. This was mainly due to the empire has been straighten by the restoration of order and the foreign powers showed more willing for cooperation. On another hand, the Westernization Movement has been launched a fully sustained. But finally, china lost this opportunity. Without a good grasp of the decade in a period of important strategic opportunities, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the 1900 Incident decline the power of Chinese nation. By the strategic and historical examination methods, this paper found several conclusions. First, the Chinese do nothing in the period of strategic opportunities. Second, it is precisely because the issue of China's modern navy lack of a strong clear and coherent strategy. The international competition since the 19th century, the modern Navy is a key theme.The modern navy is a political-military tool created by the expanding external strategy and modern industrial economic bases. But when the Qing Dynasty tried to modernize its government and industry, there is a profound tension between the inner factors of Chinese society and the fundamental values of modem society. That situation was the institutional reason for the fail of the construction of the new Chinese navy. Except the lack of fund and technology, the worst part of the traditional politic and society step the developing of the navy in the period from the Sino-French War of 1884 to the Sino-Japanese War of 1894.Final paper finds that the modern 19th century, the development of the Navy, as well as the significance of sea power in external strategy, is a world historical significance of the issue. One country's sequence of the country in the world, in the Earth's most vast expanse of the ocean and in the arena of international relation is determined by the strategic judgment, its clear design strategy and the implementation of the strategy. Late Qing Dynasty which began in the mid-modern navy in transition in the 19th century was lack of modern naval tactical and technical foundation and the ability of establishing a modern industrial manufacturing. In addition, on both system and personnel level, it is unable to overcome the deteriorating political, social difficulty. So Modern Chinese navy in the late Qing Dynasty got into a strategic lost on the state level. And the country's overall foreign policy showed boring and powerless because of the lack of a strong national defense and a powerful naval force. In the 19th century China, due to the lost a historic opportunity for development of the navy, the country has lost the opportunity for self-sufficiency.Sea is a wall. This old Chinese idiom shows the traditional peaceful mind and conservative idea of Chinese. But it also explains the fault and chaos that the modern navy of west countries brought to Chinese. It's a symbol for the lost of Qing Dynasty's navy strategy. And it is a good warning for both Chinese navy and Chinese people. |
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