Research On The Administrative Division Geography Of Nguyen Dynasty Vietnam,1802-1884

The administrative structure of the Nguyen dynasty Vietnam is a unity of the Block structure and the Circle structure.The Phuc Xuan Jing ji district,Bac Thanh and Gia Dinh Thanh constitute the block stucture administrative district system in the early Nguyen dynasty.The establishment of Gia Dinh Thanh in 1808 marked the formation of the "Kinh-Thanh" system.The "Kinh-Thanh" system has certain expediency reasons,but also has its inevitability.The establishment of “Thanh” is a major feature of the reign of the early Nguyen dynasty.From the perspective of political geography,the “Thanh” is often built as the center of the regions,it is the highest level administrative area of local divisions.It is often divided into several Tran.This system has three meanings which include geography,politics,and culture.At the beginning of the establishment of the Nguyen dynasty,The setting of "Thanh" act as a role of keeping local peace.However,over time,The local segregation trend caused by the special minister's(Tong Tran)monopolization has been aggravating,and the administrative divisions of the Thanh also been hindered by the increasing administrative inefficiency because of too many hierarchies.Therefore,the king Minh Mang carried out reforms step by step.The abolition of Thanh,and the establishment of the province marked the demise of the "Kinh-Thanh" political geography system.After Ming Mang reform(1832),Nguyen dynasty established a provincial system.In the 15 th year of Ming Mang(1834),the country was divided into Nam Ky,Bac Ky and Straight rule districts.From the North and South Rivers,the Nam and Bac Thanh to the Nam and Bac ky,it is not only the reproduction of names but also the transformation of regional nature and geography space.If the establishment of the the Nam and Bac Thanh were an appropriate measure of unification,for it is a political and geographical division in the period of decentralization;the Nam and Bac ky should were the division when the situation is stable.At this time,the Central-Local relationship has been different from before.The change of names actually represents the transformation of the rule of the Nguyen dynasty.The setting up and ambassadors of Bac Ky reflected the linkage of France and Vietnam in this area,whose revocation can be regard as a turning point.Since then,the French have whole control over Bac Ky.In the Circle structure of the political district,there are four circles of the Jing Ji direct district,the standard domiant area,the indirect administrative area,and the commanding area in the Nguyen dynasty.Taking capital as the center,a direct jurisdiction area is created around it,and it forms a center-periphery relationship with the peripheral direct and indirect administrative areas.Due to the influence of the topography of the western mountain and the eastern sea,the western mountainous areas are on the edge of the circle,both geographically and politically.With the constant changes of the situation,this marginal circle showed the characteristics of expansion and contraction.In order to stabilize the rule of the western mountain area,the French and Aanam governments dealed with the disturbance of the mountain ethnic groups and the Siamese invasion.,and they played a positive role to some extent.Khmer is the vassal state of the Nguyen dynasty and belongs to the category of“Commandig area” in the circle of political districts.The establishment of the Tran Tay Thanh was in parallel with the struggle in the south of Vietnam.Both of them were incorporated into the system political reform.The reason why Vietnam set up Tran Tay Thanh was mainly because Khmer's status was precarious and it was difficult to deal with.Therefore,the Nguyen dynasty decided to turn it into its own territory.Since then,the Nguyen dynasty has been handling this area,making its nature from the Commanding administrative area into a military-style administrative area,and then into an indirect administrative area,but in the end it has not yet completed the transition to the the standard domiant area.After that,with the company of Siam's intervention,the turmoil spreading to southern Vietnam,the king of Nguyen dynasty final withdrawal his army.Finally the Tran Tay Tahnh was abandoned,and Khmer returned his position to vassal state.