Research On The System Of Granting Titles To Han Officials In The Early Period Of Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty is established by one of minority nationalities—Nuzhen in history. It rules the northern China for more than 100 years and is an important link in the history of Chinese feudalism dynasty. In recent years, the research on the history of Jin Dynasty is becoming hot. More and more scholars pay attention to it and research on it. But very few people inquire about the system of granting titles .this is why I select this topic.This article is by the change of emperor for standard in the earlier period of Jin Dynasty, and it includes four parts. First is the establishment of the system of granting tiles on Han Nationality bureaucrats in Xi-zong Dynasty. The second is the change of it in Hai-ling Dynasty and the third is the change and the adjustment of it in Shi-zong Dynasty, and the forth is the characteristic of the system.Part one: In this part, I elaborate the background of the establishment of the system and its condition of the establishment. From Tai-zu to Tai-zong Dynasty, the rulers have granted titles to the officials who have come from the Privy Council of Liao Dynasty. But it has not been taken a system melts into the government system in Jin Dynasty. After Xi-zong steps up, the system of granting titles to Han officials was official used in the official systems of Jin Dynasty, and made the first standard of the conferred state in the first reign year of Tian-juan, which is called the Standard of Tian-juan in history. Xi-zong completes the first raid of the granting activity by the political nature granting in Year 13 and 14 of the Tianhui Dynasty, and grants to the imperial clan in year 15 of Tianhui. He grants titles by plan and in turn in Tianjuan and Huangtong Dynasty.Part two: From Hailing usurps power to Shizong steps up, I mainly research on the change of the granting titles to Han officials. In order to obtain the support of the officials, Hai-ling carry on a more larger scale granting on the base of Xi-zong, who had granting the imperial clan before. But as Hai-ling dose not trust the imperial clan , he grants the titles to Nuzhen Nationality who don't belong to the imperial clan and other nationalities. The reform of the system is a transition of the system. After his rule steady, he began to reduce the high titles. The officials who are granted"Shuang-zi-wang","Wang","Guogong","Junwang"are all reduced. The main goal is to attack the imperial clan and strengthen the imperial authority, and to consolidate his own rule.Part three: The adjustment and change in Shi-zong Dynasty. When Shi-zong steps up, he continues to use the policy of Hailing's. He controls the title rank strictly, and grants the high-grade title very little. Generally speaking, the title which is granted to the death is higher than who is living. The title which is granted to the death is higher than the title that has been reduced and lower than the title that hasn't reduced in 2 year of Zheng-long. The imperial clan was granted to"Wang","JunWang","Guogong"according to the blood relationship. Other officials who aren't the imperial clan are granted"Junwang", which is the highest rank and most of them are granted"Guogong".Part four: Through the comparison with Tang and Song Dynasty, We obtain the conclusion: The system of granting title in Jin Dynasty has similarly with Tang and Song in form. Although the rank level is more than the rank level in Jin Dynasty, the structure is same. It is"Wang","Gong","Hou","Bo","Zi","Nan". Moreover, it has its own character of Nuzhen Nationality. All the officials who are granted have actual position and his authority is very strong; and the merit and the family status are regarded as the important condition. It presents the tendency that the high title is in flood and removes the higher and stays the lower behind.With the advancement of the feudalization in Jin Dynasty, the system of granting title is unceasingly developing and consummating. It conforms to the needs of the maturing feudal states with centralization of power further and complies with the historical trend at that time.