Review Of The General Commissioner Of Customs Late Qing Danasty

Customs is a country with political and economic institutions are closely related. Modern Chinese customs in particular is a unique institution. The General Commissioner of Customs foreigners as the head of the historical arena in the late Qing Dynasty played an "omnipotent" role. Research into the history of modern China Customs has great significance. Secretary General of the current tax system to establish the causes and course of the activities of the Secretary General of Taxation have had depth. However, the role and impact of modern China Customs, the General Commissioner of Customs in the late Qing Dynasty history of the study of the role of the sea there are still numerous disputes. This paper attempts to explore the General Commissioner of Customs in the late Qing Dynasty political institutions and the role of the functions.Main thesis is divided into three parts :The first part of the General Commissioner of Customs system Origin and Development Division. The full text of this part of the background briefings starting role. June 29, 1854, Wu Jianzhang distributed,with British consular Alcock ,the United States Consul Matlin., French Consulate General held a love-restructuring and customs regulations for Jiang's meeting. The result is a three consular nomination Wu Jianzhang appointed Jiang Customs tariff management committee to manage all affairs. According to the "constitution trade treaties : the aftermath of the Tariff and Customs Code," May 23, 1859. He Guiqing appointed Lee Thailand Customs Tax Division. Lee Thailand also accepted the government of the Qing Dynasty after the formal appointment of the Secretary General established the system of taxation. Hart began play in 1863, general tax department. Lee Thailand from Hart to foreign taxation and tariff system in the hands of the establishment, development and improvementPart II : Nature and the functions of the General Commissioner of Customs. Customs as an important late Qing Dynasty political institutions, which have played a pivotal role in the late Qing Dynasty Council. the ruling class had high expectations. While they want to increase the government's revenue collection, strengthen the rule of the Qing government; Customs will be able to look forward to the exchanges between Chinese and foreign standards. Customs forces to infiltrate into the political, cultural, economic and military fields, business cumbersome, Apart from foreign trade tariffs charged to oversee foreign trade, but also the running of the port, shipping, meteorology and quarantine diversion, lighthouse navigation and other maritime operations, including foreign affairs, foreign affairs and other large operations outside the Customs. Customs operations cumbersome, causing extensive functions of the General Commissioner of Customs .The General Commissioner of Customs'functions include : Deputy Chief unified customs tax; Relations develop new customs regulations; Personnel in charge of Customs; Customs clearance of foreign personnel in charge of government; Customs clearance other than to accept the government directives. Although the post of the General Commissioner of Customs has been by the British as in the late Qing Dynasty, despite their broad mandate, the General Commissioner of Customs, But by its very nature it is a typical Chinese official. It is a traditional Chinese government, like the governor of the Qing government official. It is unique, it should not be ranked outside the Qing bureaucracy.Part III : Chief Secretary tax system plays a role in the late Qing Dynasty. Lee Thailand is the first General Commissioner of Customs. Lee Thailand as the first General Commissioner of Customs created a modern model. He played a major role in two ways : Customs overcome corruption and increase customs revenue. The Whole Story in 1863 by Li Thailand Fleet dismissed the incident, Hart was officially appointed acting the General Commissioner of Customs. Hart active in the arena of Chinese customs in the country for nearly half a century. In his hands, a unique Hart late Qing Customs model development. Hart served as the General Commissioner of Customs during the main roles are played by : Customs posts in a positive aspects of the personnel system to improve efficiency, this policy to overcome corruption in Customs, British Customs import management system (strict angles); increase in customs revenue to solve the financial difficulties the economy (military spending debt); sea-run Treasury; Deputy Education Unit set up placing the same Westernization Museum; Deputy Postmaster businesses convenience; China's meteorological effects; China's diplomatic role as adviser to help the government establish a modern diplomacy; China imported a Western ideology and promoting social emancipation of the mind. The creation of the post of Secretary General of Taxation in the imperialist countries under the intention to promote, its inevitable drawbacks of the government. Customs mainly in the loss of sovereignty to some extent, the erosion of China's sovereignty and hindered the development of China's development.Conclusion : The General Commissioner of Customs as a special history of the establishment of a special office We can not simply go to the post is good or bad, not simply its Thailand Lee said. Hart, who were good or bad. At that time a complicated historical background, from the total tax system in the late Qing Dynasty-term operation :The General Commissioner of Customs imperialist interests, especially the interests of their own country, doing everything possible aggression disregarding China's sovereignty over China. The General Commissioner of Customs also left a total tax benefit even more than the work of the government to expect of him, the inspiration to write. First, the total tax department do their own work and do their share of the responsibility. Secondly, the Secretary to the date of establishment of total tax, the General Commissioner of Customs has not satisfied Customs work, and gradually expand its forces to others areaes. This is a mixed pros. In short, a total tax department established under the office of last resort in its service to the imperialist countries at the same time. Regardless of its subjective motive or objective results to the government injected a shot in the arm for the late Qing Dynasty politics, the economy, foreign, education and other areas have made some contribution. Therefore, the functions and role of the General Tax Department, contributed to a better understanding of the late Qing Dynasty at the political, economic, and the social and foreign relations. Clear understanding of the difficult circumstances in the back ward beaten Modernization..