| At the end of 1945, the American government readjusted the policy towardsChina because of facing the new tense domestic situation which appearedin china. On December 25, 1945, American President Truman published thedeclaration of policy towards China, simultaneously appointed Marshallto president envoy and went to China to mediate Kuomintang and CommunistParty' s conflict. In that period, Kuomintang and Communist Party' sconflict gradually from relaxing at initial stage to worsening in laterperiods, and finally broken completely. But Marshall felt that facingthe Chinese gradually worsen situation, urgently need an assistant toassist him to work. Later period of mediation, based of suchconsideration, being measured various aspects, he finally appointedStuart who was skilled in Chinese business and had every square goodcomment to the new American ambassador of China. At the Beginning ofStuart' s work, he as the Marshall assistant mainly assisted Marshallto mediate Kuomintang and Communist Party's conflict. Before Marshallleft China, Stuart's center work concentrated realizing Kuomintang andCommunist Party both sides to realize ceases fire and assisted theKuomintang government to hold "the national assembly" diligently.At the beginning of 1947, after Marshall left China, Stuart officiallywalked to the first line of Chinese and American relations. Always inthe past, Stuart had been against communism in the thought, he supportedthe Kuomintang government, supported Chiang Kai-Shek, therefore afterKuomintang and Communist Party were breakdown in negotiation, Stuartadjusted his work center to the Kuomintang government carrying on thecomprehensive economical, political, military reform under U.S's aid,and take this as foundation established "coalition government". In that time, the Kuomintang government also carried on certain governmentreorganization, some national's inner-party democracy enlightenedpeople held the post of important duty in the government. But China'ssituation worsened day by day along with the Kuomintang and CommunistParty civil war comprehensive eruption and the expansion. The financialand social crisis of Kuomintang government were also increasinglyserious, but actually the Kuomintang government had not slightly abilityto resolve these addressing questions effectively. Facing such reality,Stuart started to appear the vacillation in the thought and thestandpoint. On the one hand, he advocated the national governmentcarrying on the positive reform under U.S's aid as before, and continuedto supporting Chiang Kai-Shek. On the other hand, Stuart started in thethought to appearing loosen, started to consider the possibility of thefree public figure who had the prestige forming the new government.After the three big campaigns, liaoShen, HuaiHai and Tianjin, the ChineseCommunist Party had had the absolute superiority in the military, theyhad controlled northeast, north of China as well as the northern majorityof areas on Yangtze River, the Kuomintang and Communist Party civil warsituation had had the fundamental transition. But the Kuomintanggovernment not only was near the collapse above the military situation,the economical condition also rapidly worsened. Facing the tremendouschange which the Chinese domestic situation occured, the ChineseCommunist Party gradually formed rushing superiority in the military tothe Kuomintang government; On the contrary, the Kuomintang governmentcorrupt is incompetent in politics, lacks the fighting will, the leaderin the military incompetently degenerates, mutually suspected, cannotlet the person only energy, Stuart started to have the mood whichthoroughly despaired to the Kuomintang government in the though.Regarding Chiang Kai-Shek, Stuart displayed the unprecedented disappointment. Stuart frankly pointed out the prestige and authorityof the Kuomintang government already arrived the unprecedented lowlydegree, but he actually could not see the government having the will andthe ability to deal with this crisis. Facing such situation, Stuartstarted to put aside his own vision gradually from Chiang Kai-Shek andKuomintang politics, transferred to pay attention other rich prestigiousand strength public figure. In addition, Stuart was also attempting toseek new way which could saves Chinese situation in this period. Mostlook like that, Stuart thought Chiang Kai-Shek led the Kuomintanggovernment's already again could not act as U.S diligently to preventthe effective tool which the Chinese communism expanded. Based on suchunderstanding, Stuart favored at that time in the psychology to delimitthe boundary with the Chinese Communist Party to govern, and the freedemocratic personage which had the strength by presently the Kuomintanggovernment interior composes the area or the loose alliance, and ralliedthe army, avoided encountering the Chinese Communist Party' s attack,then coordinated processing diplomatic work. At the same time, Stuartalso suggested the American government maintained the certainflexibility in the policy towards China.Regarding the Li Zongren regime, Stuart was holding the manner which isconservative waiting and seeing from the beginning. Stuart thought U.Sshould maintain the silence at this very moment, whether Chiang Kai-Shekdid retire from office from the authority rule was still to besuspiciously, but Li Zongren's legal duty and its jurisdiction also notyet clear. Simultaneously he hold suspect and took waiting and seeingmanner about whether LiZongren and so on grasped the real power and couldtrue get rid of Chiang Kai-Shek's influence, whether he could smoothlycarry on the peace negotiation with the Chinese Communist Party and reach the agreement. He suggested the U.S government take the retention mannerwhich one kind of silences and waiting and seeing to the LiZongren regime.At the same time, in the situation unclear situation, Stuart had alsorefused to give Li Zongren government any new aid. In addition, Stuartvolunteers for military service on own initiative to the Americangovernment, hoped having the authorization to obtain discussionopportunity with the Chinese Communist Party. In practical action: 1.When the Kuomintang government moved to Guangzhou, Stuart didnot followLi Zongren's repeatedly request, persisted the American embassy freezesin Nanjing, refused to move to Guangzhou together along with theKuomintang government; 2. After the Chinese Communist Party seizedNanjing, Stuart contacted with HuangHua positively, planned to take theopportunity of celebrating birthday in peking, carried on the discussionwith the Chinese Communist Party leaders. These series of actions werealso final endeavor Stuart attempted to solve the Kuomintang andCommunist Party question peacefully, also had deeply gotten his ideologybrand mark.
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