Sino-American Relations During The Anti-Japanese War Of China

Three-sided relations of Kuomintang Government, the US and the Communist Party of China are involved in Sino-America relations during the period of Chinese Anti-Japanese War which had been very complicated. There had been cooperation and conflicts, alignments and confrontations between China and America during the war which had great impact on the final victory of the war.During the 1930s the United States government had avoided involvement in Far East Affairs because it had to cope with its domestic economic crisis. However, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved away from an isolationist foreign policy and sought to assist China, while keeping the United States a neutral party to the conflict. The threat of still further Japanese expansion into China brought Japan into conflict with the US. It started to turn its "Wait-and-See" attitude at first into limited intervene on behalf of its own benefits in China, and into supporting Kuomintang Government politically, financially and militarily.The Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the war and merged the Sino-Japanese War into World War II as China declared war on Japan, Germany, and Italy, which signaled the outbreak of the war in the Pacific. The United States joined Great Britain and the Soviet Union in an alliance against Germany, Italy, and Japan and the Declaration of the United Nations signed by 26 Allied nations, with China being included in this World Anti-fascist Allies. The Allies determined that priority would be given to defeating Germany and Italy in Europe.Chiang Kai-shek was appointed Allied Commander-in-Chief in the China theater in 1942. General Joseph Stilwell served for a time as Chiang's Chief of Staff, while commanding US forces in the China Burma India Theater. However, relations between Stilwell and Chiang soon broke down, due to a number of factors. The Allies began to lose confidence in the Chinese ability to conduct offensive operations from the Asian mainland. Instead, it began to concern more about its political situation. The U.S. tried to promote China as one of the leading countries in the world for its own purpose.As far as the relationship between the Communist Party of China and the United States is concerned, it is very complicated. At the beginning of the war, CCP took active attitudes in asking for aids from the U.S. as well as fighting against its pacification with the Japanese invading of China. After the outbreak of the Pacific war, CCP was trying to seek co-fighting with the U.S. against the Japanese invader on the basis of military cooperation, expecting co operations in other aspects as well. At the end of the war, US government tried to reconcile the relationship between CCP and Kuomintang Government. On the one hand, CCP was firmly against its Chiang-Assisting and CCP-against policy. On the other hand, CCP did not give up the hope of cooperation with America. When the war ended in the year 1945, the United States drove CCP into the opposition by assisting Kuomintang Government's starting to fight the civil war.In a word, the United States had aided Chinese people fighting against the Japanese invaders during the Anti-Japanese war of China politically, financially and militarily, making great efforts to help Chinese people achieve the final victory of the war. There had also been a positive relationship between the U.S. and CCP. CCP had been holding the foreign policy of equality and independence, seeking common ground while accepting the existing differences, mobilizing all positive factors of anti-Japanese, setting up national patriotic united front against Japanese invaders, which made great contributions to the final victory of the war, and gathered precious experience for handling foreign affairs after the founding of the People's Republic of China.