Land Ownership Analysis Of Guanzhong Country In Ming Dynasty And Qing Dynasty And Republic Of China Period

The land ownership of Guanzhong country is decentralization in MingDynasty and Qing Dynasty and Republic of China period, there are few landlords atGuanzhong, especially it are short of the big landlord. The semi-owner peasants are thebody of the countryside. The rent rate of the land is low. this is called "Guanzhongmodel"that the economic form of society in the countryside in Guanzhong as high rentrate from the south. A large number of scholars have gave different explanations for"Guanzhong model". Author summarized them opinions. There are three major things:First, the problem of the land transaction frequency high or low of Guanzhong country;Second, the physical geographical conditions relationship with the land ownershipdecentralization in Guanzhong country. Third, the effect of the taxation bore to the landownership of Guanzhong country.The above discussions are all with respect to the same focus, namely the purchasebehavior of private landowner is discussed focal, the high-power business groups ofShaanxi make Guanzhong not to lack the potential big landlords. Most of them carrylarge assets to come back after profit from business, the part of their asset is invested inland. Merchants have a way of investing land in Guanzhong, just they can notconcentrate land to become the big landlords. South's occasions similar to Guanzhong,the great masses of the private landlords are small landlords, there are rare big landlordsthat own tens of thousands mu of land.The private landlord can not become big landlord because decided thecharacteristic of land trading and the centralization and decentralize of land gohand inhand. Both Yangtze rivers and Yellow rivers, land trading exist such these characteristics:acutely sell motivation, practically trade event, and the quantity traded at one time.These decide that single land buyer is very difficulty to buy a great many land at onetime. So, the centralized process of land is very slowly. At the same time, Guanzhonglike the other areas throughout the county, exist a big family is divide into small family,to about a big family landlord is divided many small family landlord. Also, there arelittle single family that can a long-standing purchase land, even many generations still,landownership always is divided. These reasons make private landlord is hard to be the big landlord.The most of southern big landlord are clans and temple fairs such this organizationratherthen private landlord. Guanzhong exist the diffusion of land ownership becauseof lacking the group landlord. The strength of Guanzhong clan organization is veryweak, it as distinguished from Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong where exists many clans,one clan is one act unit. Huzu under Guanzhong clan is just the act unit of the villagers,and is restricted such the village that exit clan organization. The family numbers ofHuzu limit the growth potential of public land and the more large concentration, of land.So, private landlord in Huzu who want to be big landlord is very difficulty.Guanzhong clan organization can not development chiefly because the merchantgroup of Shaanxi mainly reliance on the geopolitical connection, it is alien from themanagement types of commerce in South that mainly reliance on the blood relations.The quality of Shaanxi merchant illustrates that purchase land mainly is private act andhave not strong desire for donating clan land and improving clan organization. It isimportant reason that the quantity of clan land is little. The quantity of the school landand the land of temple fair is little too. The immediate reason of land decentralization inGuanzhong is the big landlord absence.