The Ponder On Advocating Thrifty As A National Policy In The Jia Dao Period Of Qing Dynasty

The thrifty is one of the Chinese traditional virtues and from ancient to now, thrifty has an important function. Under the agriculture economy of China, thrifty has already become a kind of life style,which influences the development of the society. In the middle of Qing dynasty, peaceful times has pasted and the society starts to decline. The quick growth of the population and reduced per/person farmland cause the existing quality to descend. Late payment of the farm tax and excise tax, upsurge of the price and lack of materials, these all stimulate the social antinomy and crisis break out. The traditional operating mode of the dynasty lost normal effect. In the politics , monarch power heightly concentrates, the officialdom goes bad and officials are irresponsible. In the economy,the national finance is difficult, the income is lower than the expenditure and late payment of the farm tax and excise tax is over-weight. In the Jia Dao period, for saving the crisis, the ruler strongly promotes thrifty all over the countrr. At this time, advocating thrifty reaches the highest point in the history, which tends to be politicized. The mode of thrifty has been regard as means of saving the society, getting away from crisis, maintenancing ruling and social economy life and so on.Though crisis goes on continuously, the Jiaqing and Daoguan emperor has not valid solution, still follows the ancestors'system to rule the country. The antinomy among the total population, the level of the social productivity, and the total wealth is impossible to solve through a traditional means. In the politics, it is impossible for the society at that time to change the absolute monarchy of "House world" and to re- adjust social rights and benefits structure; in the economics, it is also impossibe to change economy operating system which is based on the small agriculture economy. The ruler at that time even dare not bravely carry on the similar ex-dynasty " Reform" such as measure land, the change of the ways of collecting tax. In Qing dynasty though the whole country has internal revolts and foreign invasions, the scholars who have thoughts all can't find out a way of getting the country away from the predicament. Everybody can see the corruption of the society, but no one can find out a right way to save the social crisis, that makes oneself satisfied and makes others satisfied.In the Jia Dao period, the whole society face a predicament helplesslt, which is also the proper trouble that ancient Chinese big dynasty has in the process of operation. "The middle of dynasty " has already become the pronoun of the predicament. "Reform" can solve the crisis, but it also can accelerate the decline of the political ruling; while thrifty appears negative, but it is still better than political reform. This is a kind of choice that the Qing dynasty makes by learning from the history experience. Though civilians are poor, wealth is exhausted and the antinomy is increasingly serious, the "Thrifty"-method ruling will continue for a very long time, if there is no attack from the western countries.The crisis of politics and economics in Chinese ancient society has already deeply rooted in the characteristics of the culture itself. After "Precocious" and the prosperty of the big dynasty, the society develops slowly and the feudalistic soceity goes on for a long time. The regulation and periodic for the prosperty and perish that big dynasty has shows that: civilians at the peaceful times ate up all they have and at the turmoil period the foundation of the social productivity is seriously damaged by the confusion. In Ming and Qing society, though there is a hope in the society itself, but the function of the external push is also very important.