Refugees And Social Vicissitude In Northeast Of Guangdong Province In Ming And Qing Dynasties

Northeast Guangdong Province taken as the traditional the Hakkas area, was a quite frequent region of refugee's activity in the Ming and Qing Dynasties time, refugee's activity profoundly was affecting northeast Guangdong Province society's each aspect. Since in a sense, from the Mid-Ming Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty, northeast Guangdong Province the local history, actually was the external refugee gradually "indigenous" history.After the mid-Ming Dynasty large influx of refugees in northeastern Guangdong Province, because their " outside people" status, would receive the suppression of the government authorities taken as " suppressing the thief" or " killing the bandit" . For resist the suppression of the government authorities, northeast Guangdong Province the local refugee community, or because of blood relationship, or because of region relationship, or because of common benefit, formed some armed groups that had the common leader and the strict organization. These armed groups of refugees wrestling with government authorities, on the one hand had created the social order turbulence, on the other hand also had led to the stronger self-identity of the refugee community.The refugee community wrestling with government authorities and aborigines gradually obtained the legitimate status, and refugee community's self-identity also gradually strengthened. When the change of Ming and Qing Dynasties time, the refugee who had obtained the legitimate status, making use of the new dynasty approval, through the participation imperial civil service examination and foundation of patriarchal clan, enormously had promoted their social position, and gradually had obtained the place society's domination. Along with refugee community social position promotion, until completely "indigenous", the refugee community started to have the power of writing their own history. This also urged northeast Guangdong Province local region further strengthening of self-identity. This was historical root of self-identity of Hakkas after appearing the contradiction between aborigines and the Hakkas in 19th century.