The Study On The Structure Of Double 'le'

The structure of double"le"we study on refers to the structure in which"le₁"and"le₂"coexist."le₁"refers to"le"which is after the verb (or adjective) ,"le₂"means"le"which is at the end of the sentence. As far as the structure of double"le"is concerned, there are four categories and some special structures. The reason why we study on this topic is that there are many studies on"le₁"and"le₂", but study on the structure of double"le"is rare. This paper can help us to grasp this structure and get a clear understanding of its syntax, semantics and pragmatics features, applying it in our language more appropriately.There are three parts in this paper. The first part focuses on the characteristics of aspect, syntax and semantic of this structure, which is divided into two major categories and four minor categories. The first major category is "v +le₁+o+le₂" (v means predicate, o means object), the second major category is "v +le₁+amount+le₂" The latter one can be divided into three types:"v+le₁+amount(time)+le₂", "v+le₁+amount(degree)+le₂", "v+le₁+ amount(object)+le₂". The common feature of aspect of them is that dynamic aspect and simultaneous aspect both changes. The common feature of semantic and grammar is that they have similar additional significance, such as certain and emphasis, feelings and appraise, prompt and ease. The overall expression is a kind of exaggerated tone. However, as they are of different types, we still should pay attention to the differences among them. We usually use "v +le₁+o+le₂" in oral Chinese."le₂"is apt to a modality word but not a sign of aspect. "v +le₁+amount+le₂", especially "v+ le₁+amount(time)+le₂"can be explained only by the concept of aspect,"le₂"is apt to a sign of aspect. Meanwhile, the amount in "v+le₁+amount (degree)+le₂" and "v +le₁+amount(object)+le₂" can be explained differently by differently people. Except these, we still have structures like"A+le+qu+le","qi+le+guai+le","jue+le+wang+le"etc. stating a modality of exaggerate. Otherwise, we also analyze the relationship between this structure and the perfect of sentence. We think that on one hand this structure perfects sentence. On the other hand, if we put it in a special occasion, there may be some latter sentence. At this moment, double"le"becomes a sigh of non-perfect.However, pure grammatical and semantic analysis can not solve all the problems. As a result, Pragmatic analysis is indispensable. In the second part, we analyze focus first, we think"le₁"and"le₂"are both signs of focus, which lead out focus information. The using of double"le"means focus information have important statue equally. Secondly, we analyze the relationship between this structure and presupposition. The certain modality of this structure means there is a special presupposition. Thirdly, because of the surface redundancy of information, there may be some session meaning. Besides, session meaning is linked to speech act. At last, this structure has been used more in some special occasions, such as the scene of things happening and when people have subjective comparison.In the last part we analyze the lurking of"le₁"in the structure of double"le". We believe aspect, pragmatic, rhetoric and other factors are all affecting its lurking. They may work together, but also may be conflicting. I think that aspect is the basis, pragmatic is the key points, rhetoric is indispensable too. There is no"most","best"factors. So in times of conflict, we have to consider comprehensively. For example, we should pay attention to context and subjectivity. On the other hand, these factors should be summarized and rose to a degree of awareness. According to the theory of bound and unbound ,we can finally solve these problems.In summary, this article analyze the structure of double"le"from three points, completely summed up the experience of predecessors. Meanwhile, we still have some innovations. Firstly, we comb the problem compre- hensively, helping us grasp the structure overally. Secondly, we analyze the additional significance with a detailed description of a comprehensive, not only to find out the common sense, but also pay attention to their differences. Thirdly, we noticed that there are a number of special structures and combined them with mainstream structure well. Fourthly, we analyze the relationship between this structure and the perfect of sentence. Fifthly. We talk about the relationship between the structure and speech act and session meaning. Finally, we study on lurking from many points and find out the final reason.This issue has been a concern of the academic community. Studying on this topic, on one hand we can deepen our understanding of its meaning and usage. On the other hand we can apply the results into practice, and understand when should we use this structure more clearly, achieving an appropriate degree in reading and communication. Besides, we can impart this special structure to students aboard better, applying it into teaching Chinese as a foreign language.