Gramsci's Thought On Cultural Hegemony & Enlightenment Of Chinese Culture Construction

Antonio Gramsci is one of the founders of Western Marxism, whose philosophical and political thought is not only the important fountain of Western Marxist thought on international relation and Gramsci School of international political economy, but also has positive enlightenment for the problem of Chinese culture construction.Gramsci, looking closely into the changes of the bourgeois regimes and the failure of the socialist revolutions in the western society in the period of the world - wide political turbulence in the first 2or 3 decades of the 20th century, originally explored the capitalist and socialist countries, put forward the concept " Modern state is hegemony with dictatorship " or "Modern state= political society + civil society" , emphasized the importance of the ideological hegemony of the " modern state" , valued the intellectuals' function in the " modern state". The "civil society" concept is different from Hegel's public community,it is also different from Marx's sharing the economic base of the social significance. Gramsci brings civil society into super structure, and analyses the conception of civil society from the function of ideology. He tries to analyses the change of the function of civil society, in order to find a possible and realistic way for the proletariat revolution in new situation .Gramsci's " civil society" as an unique understanding of the basis of the interpretation of the proletarian ideology of cultural leadership must grasp on the " positional war " and the idea of "organic intellectuals" ideology, etc.Based on the new comprehension of citizen society, Gramsci put forward the theory of cultural hegemony, which points out the cultural reason for the success of socialist revolution in Russia and the failure in those developed countries; symbolizes the most innovative trend of Marxist development since the 20th century; becomes an important and hot issue in the research of contemporary literature. The culture hegemony is an ideological discourse that has a great set of political elements. Gramsci's culture hegemony stresses on the function of culture itself and its ideology of its dynamic role for economic basis. It stresses on the hegemony by the negotiation of each group and class which in the dominant position, and maintain the status by making a concession. According to this theory, we should pay great attention to the development of socialist culture and should cultivate proletarian intellectuals.