The Officials' Knowledge And Exploitation To The Geographical Environment Of The Northern Ocean

Ocean is the cradle of human, the development process of human society is always linked with sea .With the development of science and technology and the depth of knowledge of people, more and more sea countries have paid high attention to the costal defense. The study of the costal defense has become a significant task in the academic circles. In these years, scholars have gotten much accomplishment in the whole research on the costal defense of the Late Qing Dynasty, but are in short of paying full attention to the northern costal defense, the emphasis of the costal defense, especially there is no special description to the knowledge and exploitation of the geographical environment of the northern ocean. In regarding of this, the thesis tries hard to make a systematic study on this, in the view of history and geography, while reinforces some academic weak links.The geographical environment of costal defense includes physical geographical environment and humanistic geographical environment. The former consists geology, landform, water quality, climate, hydrology etc, the later includes population, nation etc. This study examines the relationship between human and nature, and the utilization, reforming and protection to the natural environment of human. According to this, the thesis converges at the officials'introduction to the knowledge of the environmental elements, and the corresponding measures that they adopted under the guidance of the knowledge. On the base of an infallible source of information, the author take on time as longitude, the three areas of the northern ocean: Zhili, Fengtian, Shandong as latitude, tie the activities of the officers'cognition and practice together, what they got while organized the costal defense of the northern ocean, so as to comb out the appearance of knowledge and exploitation to the environment of the northern ocean of that time, and probe the relation between their activities and naval strategy, and further to show that the losing root of costal defense in Late Qing Dynasty is the corruption in political system.By making study on the activities what the officials have done, we can not only know the degree of valuing and organizing the costal defense of that society, but also provide important academic value on the study of costal defense in Late Qing, Geographical Environment etc, at the same time, it can also offer quotable sense to the building of costal defense of our day.