College Student Relief During The Anti-Japanese War

After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese army wantonly destroyed China's educational and cultural institutions, the colleges in war zones were forced to move to the mainland or other safety zones. To complete their studies, the students were also forced to go to the mainland or other safety zones. These students were isolated from their families and cut off economic aids; they had difficulties in living and were urgently in need of government's assistance. With the expansion of the war zones, the number of the exiled students and the percentage of the poor college students from war zones increased. The war seriously affected their normal studies, which restricted the development of China's higher education.For the preservation and development of China's higher education, the National Government took affirmative actions to move the affected colleges to safety areas and distributed students to inner colleges for study. Meanwhile, by developing varieties of relief policies and decrees, setting up pre-study classes, offering loans and bursaries to students, the National Government provided college students from the war zones with lots of relief including academic, life, medical, and other relief .To help the poor college students complete their studies. Local governments cooperated with colleges and the Ministry of Education to help the poor college students from war zones.The college student relief policy of the National Government made a significant contribution to maintain and develop our higher education and helped us resist enemy. However, colleges sometimes could not reach their ambitions in relieving students due to the shortage of educational outlay, thus the practical effect of the college student relief during the war time was very limited, and the quality of relief was rather low. Most of the students completed their studies in hunger and malnutrition.Chapter 1 introduces that students' studying problems get worse in the process from free to payment. Taking some students' poor family circumstances into account, the National Government and the colleges enact series of polices and rules to relief students in the meanwhile of charge.Chapter 2 analyzes that after the breakout of Anti-Japanese War, under the background of Japanese making cruel destruction to Chinese higher education, the formation of the educational policy "Wartime should be regarded as peacetime" is advantageous for all classes of society to launch a large-scale relief to the college students.Chapter 3 introduces the national government, local governments, colleges and the social publics join hands in relieving college students during wartime. There are varieties of relief means, including distribution, economic relief, and work-study program and organizing classes specializing in the pre-university classes. Including academic relief, life relief, and medical relief and so on.Chapter 4 discusses the effect, function and insufficient of the college student relief. College student relief during the wartime helped a large number of students complete their studies and achieved some success, but there were also some drawbacks, the quality of relief was low. During the Anti-Japanese War, most of the college students were still at the brink of starvation and suffered both physical and psychological trauma.