On [P V-qilai (S')]

"-qilai"in Mandarin Chinese is discussed here for the first time within a construction semantically described as [P V-qilai (S')]. Exemplified by the arguments on"-qilai", the postposed conditional markers and postposed passive markers in Chinese could be identified as the residue of the borrowing from Altaic languages by early modern Chinese.Beneath are the principal conclusions:(A) Conditionals are bearing a lexicalizational procedure. Chinese conditional markers tend to be postposed. As a later (if not the latest) grammaticalizational product of the verbal"qilai","-qilai"also acts as a postposed conditional suffix among others borrowed from Altaics. Viz., the grammaticalization of"qilai"and the lexicalization of conditionals sustain synchronically but independently, till they encounter in [P V-qilai (S')].(B) Conditional is categorized upper than topic, which pragmatically represents conditional. Topic sentences in Chinese should be classified partially to the contracted conditionals. Some postposed conditional markers are mistaken as topic markers.(C) [P V-qilai (S')] is a weak passive expression."-qilai"is a postposed passive suffix. Chinese passive markers incline to be preposed.(D) Ergativity origins partially from the passive used in past tense at earlier time. Ergatives in Chinese should be recognized as passives preserving the morphosyntactic features at earlier period,"P V-PASS"for instance. It is suggested that the limitedly used [P V-qilai (S')] in Mandarin is borrowed from early modern Altaics especially Turkics.(E) Postposed conditional markers or postposed passive markers exist in Chinese to harmonize with its inferior OV order.(F) The conditional, passive and topic are integrated by generalized transitivity. Modality in Chinese reciprocates between unmarkedness and markedness.