A Study Of Hebei Rural Anti-Illiteracy Campaign In 1950's

In 1950's, People's Republic of China government launched an illteracy-eliminating focused on literacy education in order to improve the accomplishment of the people and boost the development of social politics, economy and culture. The Government of Hebei Province implemented central authority's a series of policies and guidelines for initiating the anti-illteracy, and had made development of Hebei Province's anti-illiteracy campaign keep synchronism with the whole country's. The dissertation used a large number of file data of the Hebei Province Archives for having a preliminary study of the anti-illiteracy campaign of rural area in 1950s'Hebei. The dissertation comprises the five parts.The first part outlines the overall course of the rural area anti-illiteracy in 1950's Hebei Province. The campaign is consistent with the national anti-illiteracy, successively has experienced three high tides. Each of the high tides is all gigantic and vigorous, and has got certain achievement, but the erroneous tendency"advancing rashly"has appeared also to varying degrees, and with the readjusting being accompanying every time after "advancing rashly", the anti-illiteracy campaign displays the wave development trajectory.The second part addresses the establishment of the leadership organization and their functional evolution. There appeared the two leader organizations to take charge of anti-illiteracy—the Anti-illiterancy Committee and the Anti-illiteracy Association—in both central authority and Hebei Province during 1950's. Both of them experienced the the course of the establishing, of the functioning efficiently, of the functional reduction and of its end ultimately.The third part analyses teaching methods and learning organization form of anti-illiteracy. The central authority and the Hebei Province increasingly adjusted the teaching methods of the anti-illiteracy and improved study organization form in order to enhance anti-illiteracy efficiency, consolidate anti-illiteracy, and simultaneously to coordinates illiteracy-eliminating with the production, but the anti-illiteracy result was affected in the certain degree in that the conflicts between production and illiteracy-eliminating did not obtain the complete solution throughout.The fourth part deals with the training ways of the anti-illiteracy's teaching personnel. According to the principle of improving the teachers'level and stabilizing the faculty, when Hebei Province unceasingly improved anti-illiteracy teachers'training way, it takes many concrete measures to solve the teachers'actual difficulty in their production and their lives, and made them feel at ease in the teaching work. But because the mechanism of the teacher training was not improved perfectly, and the schools for the teacher's further training were not enough, their cultural level and the teaching ability cannot obtain the enhancement for a long time.The fifth part summarizes the achievements in the anti-illiteracy campaign and the primary factors which effected the normal development of the campaign. 1950's Hebei Province anti-illiteracy has obtained great result, causes a large amount of farmers to learn to read, but some of the inharmonious and even the destructive factors also appeared in the process: the imperfect basic-level organization of the anti-illiteracy leadership organization, farmers'insufficient study time, the forcible work-style and so on. Some of problems promptly obtain the correction, but some phenomena actually repeatedly haunted in the movement and became the "stubborn illness" which nullified the anti-illiteracy normal development.