Error Analysis Of Tones And Correlations Between Variables: Initials, Vowels And Tones-A Study Based On Corpus Of Shanghai Dialect And Putonghua

The error analysis of tones and the study of correlations between initials and vowels and tones are based on the corpus of Shanghai dialect and Putonghua during the PSC. After gathering all the initials and vowels and tones out of the PSC, First we establish a corpus between Shanghai dialect and Putonghua . And then we divided all materials into three ranks and six stages,e.g.sanji yideng(third rank in first stage) and sanji jiadeng (third rank in second stage). We summarized all the error distribution in different ranks in initials, vowels and tones and By using SPSS to analyze two different variables, either between initials and vowels or between vowels and tones or between initials and tones, if the correlation between them is significant. This study on intermediaries voice and on the local Mandarin or people who speak dialect try to learn Putonghua is very significant. This is an innovative research by exploring new ways and presenting new ideas. We not only use qualitative analysis but also quantitative analysis to make sure our data are reliable and convincing.The study are divided into six chapters. The first chapter we generalize both overseas research and domestic study on intermediate language and explain the necessity and present the aim of this research. The second chapter we make a comparison between tone system of Shanghai dialect and four tones of Putonghua. TThe third chapter introduce the establishment of the corpus. The fourth chapter focuses on the analysis of tone errors. The fifth chapter focuses on the correlation between initials, vowels and tones by using SPSS. The sixth chapter is conclusion and discussion.Finally we drew the following conclusions:1) The third tone (shang sheng) is the most difficult one for Shanghainese during the PSC while the second tone (yang ping) is the least difficult one 2) The study of the errors of the unaccented tone showed its errors are highest in sanji yideng and then become the lowest in yiji jiadeng.3) Between three variables: initials, vowels and tones do have significant correlations at 2-tailed level. e.g. in sanji yideng, initial sh and the first tone is significant positive correlation while in sanji jiadeng , initial r and vowel e are significant negative correlation.All in all, we mainly discussed the errors of tones and find out between variables: initials, vowels and tones have significant correlation .